{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T13:38:40Z","timestamp":1791121120615,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"American Society of Hematology","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["ashpublications.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Although mycosis fungoides (MF) may arise through persistent antigen stimulation, cytomegalovirus (CMV) is not a known risk factor. To study the incidence of seropositivity to viral infections, we compared MF and Se\u0301zary Syndrome (SS) patients to healthy bone marrow donors and other historical control groups. Baseline screening serologies at baseline were performed on 116 biopsy-proven MF\/SS patients at MD Anderson Cancer Center from 1992 to 2001 and on healthy bone marrow donors evaluated by the transplant service from 1988 to 2001. Antibodies to HTLV-I\/II, HIV-1, EBV, and CMV were measured using standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) and membrane enzyme immunoassay (MEIA) assays. One hundred thirteen (97.4%) of all MF\/SS patients had positive CMV IgG serologies at initial presentation. Early- and late-stage patients' seropositivity rates were significantly higher than healthy bone marrow donor controls (\u03c72.05(df=1)\u2009=\u200971.79). By stage, 98.1% of early-stage MF patients (IA, IB, IIA; 52\/53) and 96.8% of late-stage MF and SS patients (IIB-IVB; 61\/63) were seropositive compared with healthy bone marrow donors whose seropositivity rate was 57.3% (757\/1322). Because the rate of CMV seropositivity increases with age, a subset of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) patients 55 years or younger were compared to age-matched healthy donor controls; their seropositivity rate for CMV was also significantly higher (\u03c72.05 05(df=1)\u2009= 20.4). EBV titers were positive by serology in 13 patients who were examined prospectively. CMV seropositivity is highly associated with MF and SS, even in the earliest stages of the disease, and is significantly higher than that of healthy and immunocompromised controls.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-07-2247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,27]],"date-time":"2003-02-27T13:28:53Z","timestamp":1046352533000},"page":"2132-2135","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood.2019cm0000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Cytomegalovirus seropositivity is significantly associated with mycosis fungoides and Se\u0301zary syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1182","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Kelly L.","family":"Herne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Dermatology, and Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rakhshandra","family":"Talpur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Dermatology, and Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan","family":"Breuer-McHam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Dermatology, and Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Champlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Dermatology, and Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madeleine","family":"Duvic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Dermatology, and Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"234","reference":[{"key":"2019111903135267200_B1","first-page":"276","article-title":"Mycosis fungoides and the Sezary syndrome.","volume":"26","author":"Kim","year":"1999","journal-title":"Semin Oncol."},{"key":"2019111903135267200_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1974.tb12449.x","article-title":"Mycosis fungoides\u2014a disease of antigen persistence.","volume":"91","author":"Tan","year":"1974","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol."},{"key":"2019111903135267200_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V89.1.32","article-title":"Association of erythrodermic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, superantigen-positive Staphylococcus aureus, and oligoclonal T-cell receptor Vb gene expansion.","volume":"89","author":"Jackow","year":"1997","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"2019111903135267200_B4","first-page":"1586","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus","volume-title":"Mandell's Principles and Practice of Infectious Disease.","author":"Crumpacker","year":"2000","edition":"5th ed."},{"key":"2019111903135267200_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1086\/339963","article-title":"Comparative analysis of CD8+ T cell responses against human cytomegalovirus proteins pp65 and immediate early 1 shows similarities in precursor frequency, oligoclonality, and phenotype.","volume":"185","author":"Khan","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Infect Dis."},{"key":"2019111903135267200_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1089\/088282402317340297","article-title":"Human fibroblasts transfected with cytomegalovirus immediate-early genes show increased MHC class I expression and are targets for natural killer cell mediated toxicity.","volume":"15","author":"Nyquist","year":"2002","journal-title":"Viral Immunol."},{"key":"2019111903135267200_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-1811(99)00085-7","article-title":"Current understanding of cytomegalovirus infection in immunocompromised individuals.","volume":"22","author":"Kano","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci."},{"key":"2019111903135267200_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4029","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V94.12.4029","article-title":"Increased incidence of cytomegalovirus disease after autologous CD34-selected peripheral blood stem cell transplant.","volume":"94","author":"Holmberg","year":"1999","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"2019111903135267200_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.1994.tb00250.x","article-title":"Mycosis fungoides skin lesions contain CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes expressing an activated, MHC-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte phenotype.","volume":"21","author":"Wood","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol."},{"key":"2019111903135267200_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5520(05)70164-1","article-title":"Dermatologic infection in the immunocompromised (non-HIV) host.","volume":"15","author":"Lopez","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am."},{"key":"2019111903135267200_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2002.32793","article-title":"Reassessing the impact of cytomegalovirus infection in kidney and kidney-pancreas transplantation.","volume":"39","author":"Becker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis."},{"key":"2019111903135267200_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S469","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(99)70277-2","article-title":"Coronary artery disease after heart transplantation and its relation to cytomegalovirus.","volume":"138","author":"Hosenpud","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am Heart J."},{"key":"2019111903135267200_B13","first-page":"725","article-title":"Report of the committee on staging and classification of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.","volume":"63","author":"Bunn","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rep."},{"key":"2019111903135267200_B14","first-page":"160","article-title":"The role of human T-cell lymphotropic viruses (HTLV-I and II) in cutaneous T-cell lymphomas.","volume":"13","author":"Zucker-Franklin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Semin Dermatol."},{"key":"2019111903135267200_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-4453(99)90027-0","article-title":"Risk of cytomegalovirus infection among educators and health care personnel serving mentally disabled children.","volume":"38","author":"De Schryver","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Infect."},{"key":"2019111903135267200_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1179\/oeh.2002.8.2.79","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus infection: an occupational hazard to kindergarten teachers of children aged 2.5-6 years.","volume":"8","author":"Kiss","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Occup Environ Health."},{"key":"2019111903135267200_B17","first-page":"111","article-title":"Donor insemination. Prevalence of antibodies to cytomegalovirus.","volume":"42","author":"Greenhalgh","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Reprod Med."},{"key":"2019111903135267200_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-200011000-00015","article-title":"Prevalence of cytomegalovirus infection among health care workers in pediatric and immunosuppressed adult units.","volume":"42","author":"Sobaszek","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med."},{"key":"2019111903135267200_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.153.1.75","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus transmission in child care homes.","volume":"153","author":"Bale","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med."},{"key":"2019111903135267200_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.1999.tb02470.x","article-title":"Prevalence of maternal cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibody and detection of CMV DNA in amniotic fluid.","volume":"43","author":"Nishimura","year":"1999","journal-title":"Microbiol Immunol."},{"key":"2019111903135267200_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890240405","article-title":"Seroepidemiologic studies on the acquisition of antibodies to cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, and human immunodeficiency virus among general hospital patients and those attending a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases.","volume":"24","author":"Berry","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Med Virol."},{"key":"2019111903135267200_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.19.2.200-203.1984","article-title":"Large-scale serological screening for cytomegalovirus antibodies in homosexual males by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.","volume":"19","author":"Dylewski","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol."},{"key":"2019111903135267200_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-200005000-00012","article-title":"Seroprevalence and risk factors of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and human cytomegalovirus among HIV-infected and high risk adolescents: findings of the REACH study.","volume":"27","author":"Holland","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis."},{"key":"2019111903135267200_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1086\/314634","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus infection and coronary heart disease: results of a German case-control study.","volume":"179","author":"Rothenbacher","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Infect Dis."},{"key":"2019111903135267200_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199607150-00007","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus antibody status and renal transplantation: 1987-1994.","volume":"62","author":"Hirata","year":"1996","journal-title":"Transplantation."},{"key":"2019111903135267200_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2001.02849.x","article-title":"Patient cytomegalovirus seropositivity with or without reactivation is the most important prognostic factor for survival and treatment-related mortality in stem cell transplantation from unrelated donors using pretransplant in vivo T-cell depletion with anti-thymocyte globulin.","volume":"13","author":"Kroger","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br J Haematol."},{"key":"2019111903135267200_B27","first-page":"2682","article-title":"Fas ligand expression by neoplastic T-lymphocytes mediates elimination of CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocytes in mycosis fungoides: a potential mechanism for tumor immune escape?","volume":"7","author":"Ni","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res."},{"key":"2019111903135267200_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1702877","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus pneumonia in adult autologous blood and marrow transplant recipients.","volume":"27","author":"Konoplev","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"2019111903135267200_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1972595","article-title":"Autoimmune diseases: the failure of self tolerance.","volume":"248","author":"Sinha","year":"1990","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"2019111903135267200_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S1040-8428(00)00046-9","article-title":"EBV associated malignancies: epidemiologic patterns and etiologic implications.","volume":"34","author":"Hsu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oncol Hematol."},{"key":"2019111903135267200_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-56352-2_2","article-title":"Clinicopathologic characteristics of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders.","volume":"159","author":"Nalesnik","year":"2002","journal-title":"Recent Results Cancer Res."},{"key":"2019111903135267200_B32","first-page":"2363","article-title":"Ebstein-Barr virus and rheumatoid arthritis.","volume":"28","author":"Sawada","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Rheumatol."},{"key":"2019111903135267200_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V80.6.1537.1537","article-title":"Human lymphotropic retroviruses associated with mycosis fungoides: evidence that human T-cell lymphotropic virus type II as well as HTLV-1 may play a role in the disease.","volume":"80","author":"Zucker-Franklin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"2019111903135267200_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12345488","article-title":"Localization of human T-cell lymphotropic virus-1 tax proviral sequences in skin biopsies of patients with mycosis fungoides by in situ polymerase chain reaction.","volume":"106","author":"Khan","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol."},{"key":"2019111903135267200_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8451645","article-title":"HTLV-1 provirus and mycosis fungoides.","volume":"259","author":"Hall","year":"1993","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"2019111903135267200_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12363017","article-title":"Failure to detect human T-lymphotropic virus type (HTLV-1) proviral DNA in cell lines and tissues from patients with cutaneous-cell lymphoma.","volume":"107","author":"Li","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol."},{"key":"2019111903135267200_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12363010","article-title":"Evidence against a role for human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type I (HTLV-1) in the pathogenesis of American cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.","volume":"107","author":"Wood","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol."},{"key":"2019111903135267200_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12363352","article-title":"HLA-DR5 and DQB*03 class II alleles are associated with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.","volume":"107","author":"Jackow","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol."},{"key":"2019111903135267200_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12494184","article-title":"Stimulation of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma cells with superantigenic staphylococcal toxins.","volume":"98","author":"Tokura","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol."},{"key":"2019111903135267200_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(98)70499-2","article-title":"Alopecia areata and cytomegalovirus infection in twins: genes versus environment.","volume":"38","author":"Jackow","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol."},{"key":"2019111903135267200_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2658055","article-title":"Class II molecules are specific receptors for staphylococcus enterotoxin A.","volume":"244","author":"Mollick","year":"1989","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"2019111903135267200_B42","first-page":"129","article-title":"HLA antigens are associated in seronegativity to cytomegalovirus (CMV).","volume":"56","author":"Machida","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nippon Rinsho."},{"key":"2019111903135267200_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.6.6.895-905.1999","article-title":"Sezary T-cell activating factor is a chlamydia pneumoniae-associated protein.","volume":"6","author":"Abrams","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Diag Lab Immunol."},{"key":"2019111903135267200_B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2000.41.3.319","article-title":"Serologic and histopathologic study of chlamydia pneumonia infection in atherosclerosis: a possible pathogenetic mechanism of atherosclerosis induced by chlamydia pneumoniae.","volume":"41","author":"Song","year":"2000","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J."},{"key":"2019111903135267200_B45","first-page":"386","article-title":"Prevalence of IgG antibodies against cytomegalovirus in patients with angiographically demonstrated coronary atherosclerosis.","volume":"17","author":"Sepulveda","year":"1999","journal-title":"Enferm Infec Microbiol Clin."},{"key":"2019111903135267200_B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-131-8-199910190-00004","article-title":"Baseline IgG antibody titers to chlamydia pneumoniae, Helicobacter pylori, herpes simplex virus, and cytomegalovirus and the risk for cardiovascular disease in women.","volume":"131","author":"Ridker","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med."}],"container-title":["Blood"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/ashpublications.org\/blood\/article-pdf\/101\/6\/2132\/1261552\/h80603002132a.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/ashpublications.org\/blood\/article-pdf\/101\/6\/2132\/1261552\/h80603002132a.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,11]],"date-time":"2020-03-11T06:24:45Z","timestamp":1583907885000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ashpublications.org\/blood\/article\/101\/6\/2132\/106496\/Cytomegalovirus-seropositivity-is-significantly"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,15]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood-2002-07-2247","relation":{},"ISSN":["1528-0020","0006-4971"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1528-0020","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0006-4971","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,15]]}}}