{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T23:50:07Z","timestamp":1789861807227,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"American Society of Hematology","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["ashpublications.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We have analyzed the phenotype, cytokine profile, and mitotic history (telomere length) of monoclonal T-cell expansions in 5 CD3+ T-cell large granular lymphocyte (TLGL) leukemia patients by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) and single-cell polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We confirm that the common phenotype of TLGL leukemia is CD3+CD8+CD45RA+CD27\u2212CD94+(CD57+). Interestingly, the C-type lectin-like type killer cell receptor CD94 was invariably associated with the activating form of its signal-transducing molecule NKG2. Furthermore, when judged by criteria such as interferon gamma (IFN-\u03b3)\/tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production, expression of granzyme, FasL, and NKG2D, the TLGL cells had all the features of a cytotoxic effector T cell. Telomere shortening in TLGL cells was in the normal range for CD8+ T cells, indicating that they had not divided significantly more than chronically stimulated CD8+ T cells in healthy individuals. In 25 of 27 controls, cells with a TLGL phenotype occurred at low (1%-3%) frequencies. However, in the other 2 individuals (ages 28-36 years), large stable (&gt;\u20093 years) monoclonal expansions of CD3+CD8+CD45RA+CD27\u2212CD57+CD94+ NKG2C+ were found which rendered these controls phenotypically indistinguishable from TLGL leukemia patients. We believe that the TLGL clonopathy, rather than being of a neoplastic nature, is more likely an extreme manifestation of the large and stable clonal size characteristic of CD8+ effector cells. Such a TLGL clone consisting of cells without any particular pathologic trait might exist in a considerable number of individuals. Clinical symptoms may occur in individuals in whom the TLGL clone encounters antigen and is triggered to produce large amounts of effector molecules that dysregulate the immune system, which could manifest itself as autoimmunity or as a FasL-mediated neutropenia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-08-2408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,2]],"date-time":"2003-04-02T18:43:59Z","timestamp":1049309039000},"page":"3198-3204","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood.2019cm0000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Monoclonal T-cell expansions in asymptomatic individuals and in patients with large granular leukemia consist of cytotoxic effector T cells expressing the activating CD94:NKG2C\/E and NKD2D killer cell receptors"],"prefix":"10.1182","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Vale\u0301rie","family":"Bigouret","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Immunology and Allergology and the Division of Hematology, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland; the Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany; the Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Diagnostic and Therapeutic Hematology, Kantonsspital, Basel, Switzerland; and NCCR Molecular Oncology, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Epalinges, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Till","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Immunology and Allergology and the Division of Hematology, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland; the Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany; the Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Diagnostic and Therapeutic Hematology, Kantonsspital, Basel, Switzerland; and NCCR Molecular Oncology, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Epalinges, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lionel","family":"Arlettaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Immunology and Allergology and the Division of Hematology, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland; the Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany; the Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Diagnostic and Therapeutic Hematology, Kantonsspital, Basel, Switzerland; and NCCR Molecular Oncology, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Epalinges, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Villard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Immunology and Allergology and the Division of Hematology, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland; the Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany; the Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Diagnostic and Therapeutic Hematology, Kantonsspital, Basel, Switzerland; and NCCR Molecular Oncology, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Epalinges, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Colonna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Immunology and Allergology and the Division of Hematology, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland; the Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany; the Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Diagnostic and Therapeutic Hematology, Kantonsspital, Basel, Switzerland; and NCCR Molecular Oncology, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Epalinges, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andre\u0301","family":"Ticheli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Immunology and Allergology and the Division of Hematology, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland; the Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany; the Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Diagnostic and Therapeutic Hematology, Kantonsspital, Basel, Switzerland; and NCCR Molecular Oncology, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Epalinges, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alois","family":"Gratwohl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Immunology and Allergology and the Division of Hematology, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland; the Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany; the Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Diagnostic and Therapeutic Hematology, Kantonsspital, Basel, Switzerland; and NCCR Molecular Oncology, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Epalinges, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaveh","family":"Samii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Immunology and Allergology and the Division of Hematology, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland; the Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany; the Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Diagnostic and Therapeutic Hematology, Kantonsspital, Basel, Switzerland; and NCCR Molecular Oncology, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Epalinges, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Chapuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Immunology and Allergology and the Division of Hematology, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland; the Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany; the Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Diagnostic and Therapeutic Hematology, Kantonsspital, Basel, Switzerland; and NCCR Molecular Oncology, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Epalinges, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Rufer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Immunology and Allergology and the Division of Hematology, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland; the Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany; the Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Diagnostic and Therapeutic Hematology, Kantonsspital, Basel, Switzerland; and NCCR Molecular Oncology, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Epalinges, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eddy","family":"Roosnek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Immunology and Allergology and the Division of Hematology, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland; the Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany; the Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Diagnostic and Therapeutic Hematology, Kantonsspital, Basel, Switzerland; and NCCR Molecular Oncology, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Epalinges, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"234","reference":[{"key":"2019111616511706000_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V84.5.1361.1361","article-title":"A revised European-American classification of lymphoid neoplasms: a proposal from the International Lymphoma Study Group.","volume":"84","author":"Harris","year":"1994","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"2019111616511706000_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3835","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1999.17.12.3835","article-title":"World Health Organization classification of neoplastic diseases of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues: report of the Clinical Advisory Committee meeting, Airlie House, Virginia, November 1997.","volume":"17","author":"Harris","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol."},{"key":"2019111616511706000_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1054\/blre.1999.0118","article-title":"Current concepts: large granular lymphocyte leukemia.","volume":"13","author":"Lamy","year":"1999","journal-title":"Blood Rev."},{"key":"2019111616511706000_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1993.tb04678.x","article-title":"Transient and persistent expansions of large granular lymphocytes (LGL) and NK-associated (NKa) cells: the Yorkshire Leukaemia Group Study.","volume":"83","author":"Scott","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br J Haematol."},{"key":"2019111616511706000_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19900115)65:2<341::AID-CNCR2820650227>3.0.CO;2-2","article-title":"Clinical course and prognosis of the lymphoproliferative disease of granular lymphocytes: a multicenter study.","volume":"65","author":"Pandolfi","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cancer."},{"key":"2019111616511706000_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.3109\/10428199509056836","article-title":"Clonal CD3+CD8+ large granular lymphocyte (LGL)\/NK-associated (NKa) expansions: primary malignancies or secondary reactive phenomena?","volume":"17","author":"Richards","year":"1995","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma."},{"key":"2019111616511706000_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V89.1.256","article-title":"The lymphoproliferative disease of granular lymphocytes: updated criteria for diagnosis.","volume":"89","author":"Semenzato","year":"1997","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"2019111616511706000_B8","first-page":"164","article-title":"T-small lymphocyte disorders.","volume":"36","author":"Bartlett","year":"1999","journal-title":"Semin Hematol."},{"key":"2019111616511706000_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V84.5.1620.1620","article-title":"Clinical spectrum of clonal proliferations of T-large granular lymphocytes: a T-cell clonopathy of undetermined significance?","volume":"84","author":"Dhodapkar","year":"1994","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"2019111616511706000_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.179.2.609","article-title":"Clonal populations of T cells in normal elderly humans: the T cell equivalent to \u201cbenign monoclonal gammapathy.\u201d","volume":"179","author":"Posnett","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Exp Med."},{"key":"2019111616511706000_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2186","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.4.2186","article-title":"The growth of the very large CD8(+) T cell clones in older mice is controlled by cytokines.","volume":"166","author":"Ku","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"key":"2019111616511706000_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2401266","article-title":"Leukemic CD3+ LGL share functional properties with their CD8+ CD57+ cell counterpart expanded after BMT.","volume":"13","author":"Mollet","year":"1999","journal-title":"Leukemia."},{"key":"2019111616511706000_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V96.2.647","article-title":"Analysis of TNF-receptor and ligand superfamily molecules in patients with lymphoproliferative disease of granular lymphocytes.","volume":"96","author":"Zambello","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"2019111616511706000_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1177\/107327489800500103","article-title":"Large granular lymphocyte leukemia.","volume":"5","author":"Lamy","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cancer Control."},{"key":"2019111616511706000_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4771","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V92.12.4771","article-title":"Dysregulation of CD95\/CD95 ligand-apoptotic pathway in CD3(+) large granular lymphocyte leukemia.","volume":"92","author":"Lamy","year":"1998","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"2019111616511706000_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/11.7.1027","article-title":"Evidence that human CD8(+)CD45RA+CD27(-) cells are induced by antigen and evolve through extensive rounds of division.","volume":"11","author":"Hamann","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int Immunol."},{"key":"2019111616511706000_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2369","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V87.6.2369.bloodjournal8762369","article-title":"The natural killer-related receptor for HLA-C expressed on T cells from CD3+ lymphoproliferative disease of granular lymphocytes displays either inhibitory or stimulatory function.","volume":"87","author":"Cambiaggi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"2019111616511706000_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2000.02159.x","article-title":"Natural killer-type receptors for HLA class I antigens are clonally expressed in lymphoproliferative disorders of natural killer and T-cell type.","volume":"110","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Haematol."},{"key":"2019111616511706000_B19","first-page":"457","article-title":"High expression of the ILT2 (LIR-1) inhibitory receptor for major histocompatibility complex class I molecules on clonal expansions of T large granular lymphocytes in asymptomatic patients.","volume":"86","author":"Casado","year":"2001","journal-title":"Haematologica."},{"key":"2019111616511706000_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.16.1.359","article-title":"NK cell receptors.","volume":"16","author":"Lanier","year":"1998","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol."},{"key":"2019111616511706000_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.17.1.875","article-title":"Regulation of immune responses through inhibitory receptors.","volume":"17","author":"Long","year":"1999","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol."},{"key":"2019111616511706000_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(00)01673-X","article-title":"Human NK-cell receptors.","volume":"21","author":"Moretta","year":"2000","journal-title":"Immunol Today."},{"key":"2019111616511706000_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1038\/90589","article-title":"New nomenclature for MHC receptors.","volume":"2","author":"Andre","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat Immunol."},{"key":"2019111616511706000_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(93)25039-5","article-title":"Construction of cDNA libraries from single cells.","volume":"225","author":"Brady","year":"1993","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"2019111616511706000_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12223","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.25.12223","article-title":"Differential expression of homeobox genes in functionally distinct CD34+ subpopulations of human bone marrow cells.","volume":"91","author":"Sauvageau","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"key":"2019111616511706000_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4464","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V92.11.4464","article-title":"Reconstitution of the T cell compartment after bone marrow transplantation: restoration of the repertoire by thymic emigrants.","volume":"92","author":"Dumont-Girard","year":"1998","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"2019111616511706000_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt0898-743","article-title":"Telomere length dynamics in human lymphocyte subpopulations measured by flow cytometry.","volume":"16","author":"Rufer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol."},{"key":"2019111616511706000_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V97.2.575","article-title":"Accelerated telomere shortening is limited to the first year following stem cell transplantation.","volume":"97","author":"Rufer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"2019111616511706000_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.154.1.17","article-title":"Heterogeneity of the circulating human CD4+ T cell population: further evidence that the CD4+CD45RA\u2212CD27\u2212 T cell subset contains specialized primed T cells.","volume":"154","author":"Baars","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"key":"2019111616511706000_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.186.9.1407","article-title":"Phenotypic and functional separation of memory and effector human CD8+ T cells.","volume":"186","author":"Hamann","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Exp Med."},{"key":"2019111616511706000_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2001.02509.x","article-title":"Large granular lymphocyte leukaemia is characterized by a clonal T-cell receptor rearrangement in both memory and effector CD8+ lymphocyte populations.","volume":"112","author":"Melenhorst","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br J Haematol."},{"key":"2019111616511706000_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1006\/bcmd.2001.0443","article-title":"Immunophenotypic characterization of normal blood CD56+lo versus CD56+hi NK-cell subsets and its impact on the understanding of their tissue distribution and functional properties.","volume":"27","author":"Lima","year":"2001","journal-title":"Blood Cells Mol Dis."},{"key":"2019111616511706000_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.190.2.157","article-title":"Telomere fluorescence measurements in granulocytes and T lymphocyte subsets point to a high turnover of hematopoietic stem cells and memory T cells in early childhood.","volume":"190","author":"Rufer","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Exp Med."},{"key":"2019111616511706000_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3219","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V95.10.3219","article-title":"Chronic neutropenia mediated by fas ligand.","volume":"95","author":"Liu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"2019111616511706000_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0007-1048.2001.03315.x","article-title":"Chromosomal abnormalities in T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukaemia: report of two cases and review of the literature.","volume":"116","author":"Wong","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Haematol."},{"key":"2019111616511706000_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V99.1.268","article-title":"Distinct bone marrow findings in T-cell granular lymphocytic leukemia revealed by paraffin section immunoperoxidase stains for CD8, TIA-1, and granzyme B.","volume":"99","author":"Morice","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"2019111616511706000_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1126\/science.285.5428.727","article-title":"Activation of NK cells and T cells by NKG2D, a receptor for stress-inducible MICA.","volume":"285","author":"Bauer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"2019111616511706000_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-065X.2001.1810115.x","article-title":"The UL16-binding proteins, a novel family of MHC class I-related ligands for NKG2D, activate natural killer cell functions.","volume":"181","author":"Sutherland","year":"2001","journal-title":"Immunol Rev."},{"key":"2019111616511706000_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6182","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.154.11.6182","article-title":"Oligoclonal CD8+ T cells are preferentially expanded in the CD57+ subset.","volume":"154","author":"Morley","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"key":"2019111616511706000_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/11.2.229","article-title":"Differentiation of human CD8 T cells: implications for in vivo persistence of CD8+ CD28\u2212 cytotoxic effector clones.","volume":"11","author":"Posnett","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int Immunol."},{"key":"2019111616511706000_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0198-8859(96)00275-3","article-title":"Clonal predominance, but preservation of a polyclonal reservoir, in the normal alpha beta T-cell repertoire.","volume":"53","author":"Lantelme","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hum Immunol."},{"key":"2019111616511706000_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2001.02483.x","article-title":"Short report: polyclonal expansion of CD3+\/CD4+\/CD56+ large granular lymphocytes and autoimmunity associated with dysregulation of Fas\/FasL apoptotic pathway.","volume":"112","author":"Camagna","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br J Haematol."},{"key":"2019111616511706000_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2126(01)00010-8","article-title":"CD8+ T cells in large granular lymphocyte leukemia are not defective in activation- and replication-related apoptosis.","volume":"25","author":"Melenhorst","year":"2001","journal-title":"Leuk Res."},{"key":"2019111616511706000_B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V89.1.201","article-title":"Interleukin-15 triggers the proliferation and cytotoxicity of granular lymphocytes in patients with lymphoproliferative disease of granular lymphocytes.","volume":"89","author":"Zambello","year":"1997","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"2019111616511706000_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1097-1124","article-title":"Interleukin-15 protects from lethal apoptosis in vivo.","volume":"3","author":"Bulfone-Paus","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"key":"2019111616511706000_B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4609","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.156.12.4609","article-title":"Thymic-independent T cell regeneration occurs via antigen-driven expansion of peripheral T cells resulting in a repertoire that is limited in diversity and prone to skewing.","volume":"156","author":"Mackall","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Immunol."}],"container-title":["Blood"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/ashpublications.org\/blood\/article-pdf\/101\/8\/3198\/1271521\/h80803003198.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/ashpublications.org\/blood\/article-pdf\/101\/8\/3198\/1271521\/h80803003198.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]],"date-time":"2023-04-25T16:17:23Z","timestamp":1682439443000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ashpublications.org\/blood\/article\/101\/8\/3198\/16849\/Monoclonal-Tcell-expansions-in-asymptomatic"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,15]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood-2002-08-2408","relation":{},"ISSN":["1528-0020","0006-4971"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1528-0020","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0006-4971","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,15]]}}}