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Stimulation of resting B cells with anti-\u03bc and anti-CD40 antibodies or with Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I bacteria (SAC) increased expression of TLR9 and TLR10. TLR1 and TLR4 expression were not significantly induced by B-cell activation. Interestingly, a CpG oligonucleotide, a TLR9 agonist, also stimulated TLR9 expression in B cells. Exposure to anti-\u03bc antibodies augmented TLR9 expression, concomitantly and dramatically increasing the responsiveness of B cells to CpG oligonucleotides in terms of proliferation and chemokine (CC chemokine ligand 3 [CCL3] and CCL22) production. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)\u2013transformed cell lines and other cell lines representative of mature B-cell neoplasias (Burkitt lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, multiple myeloma) expressed TLR9 and\/or TLR10, whereas pre-B cell lines were negative. These results show that normal and neoplastic human B lymphocytes express a distinct TLR repertoire including TLR9 and TLR10 and that expression is increased upon engagement of the antigen receptor complex or TLR9 itself. Regulated expression of selected TLRs in B cells is likely to play an important role in linking innate and adaptive immune responses in normal and pathologic conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-11-3355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,15]],"date-time":"2003-04-15T00:14:33Z","timestamp":1050365673000},"page":"956-963","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood.2019cm0000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":284,"title":["The toll-like receptor repertoire of human B lymphocytes: inducible and selective expression of TLR9 and TLR10 in normal and transformed cells"],"prefix":"10.1182","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Emer","family":"Bourke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Mario Negri Institute; and the Centro IDET Istituto di Patologia Generale, Universita\u0300 di Milano, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Bosisio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Mario Negri Institute; and the Centro IDET Istituto di Patologia Generale, Universita\u0300 di Milano, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose\u0301e","family":"Golay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Mario Negri Institute; and the Centro IDET Istituto di Patologia Generale, Universita\u0300 di Milano, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Polentarutti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Mario Negri Institute; and the Centro IDET Istituto di Patologia Generale, Universita\u0300 di Milano, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Mantovani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Mario Negri Institute; and the Centro IDET Istituto di Patologia Generale, Universita\u0300 di Milano, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"234","reference":[{"key":"2020021222485299600_REF1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Medzhitov R, Janeway CA Jr. Innate immunity: the virtues of a nonclonal system of recognition. 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