{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T12:06:13Z","timestamp":1759579573489},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"American Society of Hematology","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["ashpublications.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The hallmark of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is enhanced apoptosis in myeloid, erythroid, and megakaryocytic cells in the bone marrow leading to ineffective hematopoiesis. Recent studies suggested that immunological and microenvironmental factors play a role in the pathophysiology of this disease. We report a significant increase in apoptosis in bone marrow B lymphocytes in MDS as compared to that found in acute myeloid leukemia and healthy controls. Furthermore, we demonstrate that patients with refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation (RAEB-T) had apoptosis levels in lymphocytes similar to those seen in other subtypes of MDS. Our findings suggest that the alterations in B lymphocytes in the form of increased apoptosis can be seen in MDS and support the concept that immune modulation plays a role in the pathophysiology of MDS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-01-0221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,6]],"date-time":"2003-05-06T00:14:56Z","timestamp":1052180096000},"page":"1866-1868","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1182\/blood.2019cm0000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Increased apoptosis in bone marrow B lymphocytes but not T lymphocytes in myelodysplastic syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1182","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Hesham M.","family":"Amin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Hematopathology and Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iman","family":"Jilani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Hematopathology and Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elihu H.","family":"Estey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Hematopathology and Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Keating","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Hematopathology and Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amanda L.","family":"Dey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Hematopathology and Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taghi","family":"Manshouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Hematopathology and Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hagop M.","family":"Kantarjian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Hematopathology and Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zeev","family":"Estrov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Hematopathology and Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorge E.","family":"Cortes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Hematopathology and Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deborah A.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Hematopathology and Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francis J.","family":"Giles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Hematopathology and Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maher","family":"Albitar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Hematopathology and Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"234","reference":[{"key":"2020021221404819900_REF1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bennett JM, Catovsky D, Daniel MT, et al. Proposals for the classification of the myelodysplastic syndromes. Br J Haematol. 1982;51: 189-199.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1982.tb08475.x"},{"key":"2020021221404819900_REF2","unstructured":"Brunning RD, Bennett JM, Flandrin G, et al. Myelodysplastic syndromes: introduction. In: Jaffe ES, Harris NL, Stein H, Vardiman JW, eds. World Health Organization Classification of Tumors: Pathology and Genetics of Tumors of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. Lyon, France: IARC Press; 2001: 63-67."},{"key":"2020021221404819900_REF3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clark DM, Lampert IA. Apoptosis is a common histopathologic finding in myelodysplasia: the correlate of ineffective haematopoiesis. Leuk Lymphoma. 1990;2: 415-418.","DOI":"10.3109\/10428199009069295"},{"key":"2020021221404819900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kurotaki H, Tsushima Y, Nagai K, Yagihashi S. Apoptosis, Bcl-2 expression and p53 accumulation in myelodysplastic syndrome, myelodysplastic-syndrome-derived acute myelogenous leukemia and de novo acute myelogenous leukemia. Acta Haematol. 1999;102: 115-123.","DOI":"10.1159\/000040984"},{"key":"2020021221404819900_REF5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raza A, Gezer S, Mundle S, et al. Apoptosis in bone marrow biopsy samples involving stromal and hematopoietic cells in 50 patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Blood. 1995;86: 268-276.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V86.1.268.bloodjournal861268"},{"key":"2020021221404819900_REF6","unstructured":"Yoshida Y. Hypothesis: apoptosis may be the mechanism responsible for the premature intramedullary cell death in the myelodysplastic syndrome. Leukemia. 1993;7: 144-146."},{"key":"2020021221404819900_REF7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mufti GJ, Figes A, Hamblin TJ, Oscier DG, Copplestone JA. Immunological abnormalities in myelodysplastic syndromes, I: serum immunoglobulins and autoantibodies. Br J Haematol. 1986;63: 143-147.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1986.tb07504.x"},{"key":"2020021221404819900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Williamson PJ, Oscier DG, Bell AJ, Hamblin TJ. Red cell aplasia in myelodysplastic syndrome. J Clin Pathol. 1991;44: 431-432.","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.44.5.431"},{"key":"2020021221404819900_REF9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hamblin T. Clinical features of MDS. Leuk Res. 1992;16: 89-93.","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2126(92)90106-H"},{"key":"2020021221404819900_REF10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Albitar M, Manshouri T, Shen Y, et al. Myelodysplastic syndrome is not merely \u201cpreleukemia.\u201d Blood. 2002;100: 791-798.","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V100.3.791"},{"key":"2020021221404819900_REF11","unstructured":"Tsuchida T, Sakane T, Ishikura H, Tsunematsu T. Impairment of lymphocyte function in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome and its correction by addition of Ca2+ ionophore and phorbol myristate acetate. Int J Hematol. 1991;54: 505-513."},{"key":"2020021221404819900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ogata K, Fujii H, Yokose N, et al. Defective natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity does not imply clonal involvement of NK cells in myelodysplastic syndromes. Br J Haematol. 1994;87: 396-398.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1994.tb04928.x"},{"key":"2020021221404819900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jaju RJ, Jones M, Boultwood J, et al. Combined immunophenotyping and FISH identify the involvement of B-cells in 5q-syndrome. Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 2000;29: 276-280.","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-2264(2000)9999:9999<::AID-GCC1035>3.0.CO;2-L"},{"key":"2020021221404819900_REF14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miura I, Kobayashi Y, Takahashi N, Saitoh K, Miura AB. Involvement of natural killer cells in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome carrying monosomy 7 revealed by the application of fluorescence in situ hybridization to cells collected by means of fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Br J Haematol. 2000;110: 876-879.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2000.02294.x"},{"key":"2020021221404819900_REF15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Okada M, Okamoto T, Takemoto Y, Kanamaru A, Kakishita E. Function and X chromosome inactivation analysis of B lymphocytes in myelodysplastic syndromes with immunological abnormalities. Acta Haematol. 2000;102: 124-130.","DOI":"10.1159\/000040985"},{"key":"2020021221404819900_REF16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huh YO, Jilani I, Estey E, et al. More apoptosis in refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation than in acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia. 2002;16: 2249-2252.","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2402704"}],"container-title":["Blood"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/ashpublications.org\/blood\/article-pdf\/102\/5\/1866\/1690441\/h81703001866.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/ashpublications.org\/blood\/article-pdf\/102\/5\/1866\/1690441\/h81703001866.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,19]],"date-time":"2020-03-19T18:51:22Z","timestamp":1584643882000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ashpublications.org\/blood\/article\/102\/5\/1866\/17555\/Increased-apoptosis-in-bone-marrow-B-lymphocytes"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,1]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood-2003-01-0221","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-4971","1528-0020"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-4971","type":"print"},{"value":"1528-0020","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,1]]}}}