{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T06:56:08Z","timestamp":1791356168909,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"American Society of Hematology","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["ashpublications.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Although glucocorticoids (GCs) have been described as acting mainly as anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs, they may also positively influence the immune system. In the present study, we demonstrate for the first time that hydrocortisone (HC), in synergy with interleukin-15 (IL-15), induces a dramatic increase in the expansion of peripheral blood\u2013derived CD56+ cells, favoring the preferential outgrowth of classical natural killer (CD56+CD3\u2013 NK) over CD56+CD3+ natural killer T (NKT) cells. HC plus IL-15\u2013driven CD56+ cells exhibited an increased potential for cytokine production with no impairment in their NK- and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activities. Elevated levels of GC-induced leucine zipper protein (GILZ) messenger RNA (mRNA) were detected in both NK and NKT cells cultured with HC and IL-15, in comparison to IL-15 alone. Phosphorylation status of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) was not affected by the presence of HC in either of the populations. On the contrary, HC differentially affected the IL-2\/IL-15R \u03b2- and \u03b3-chain surface expression and the phosphorylation levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1\/2 (ERK1\/2) in IL-15\u2013activated NK and NKT cells. Our data ascribe a novel role to GCs on mature NK-cell expansion and function and open new perspectives for their use in cellular adoptive cancer immunotherapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-08-3232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,9]],"date-time":"2005-03-09T03:43:46Z","timestamp":1110339826000},"page":"158-166","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood.2019cm0000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["A potential role for hydrocortisone in the positive regulation of IL-15\u2013activated NK-cell proliferation and survival"],"prefix":"10.1182","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Sonia A.","family":"Perez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Hospital, Athens, Greece."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louisa G.","family":"Mahaira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Hospital, Athens, Greece."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fillio J.","family":"Demirtzoglou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Hospital, Athens, Greece."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panagiota A.","family":"Sotiropoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Hospital, Athens, Greece."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panayotis","family":"Ioannidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Hospital, Athens, Greece."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleni G.","family":"Iliopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Hospital, Athens, Greece."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelos D.","family":"Gritzapis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Hospital, Athens, Greece."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nectaria N.","family":"Sotiriadou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Hospital, Athens, Greece."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Constantin N.","family":"Baxevanis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Hospital, Athens, Greece."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Papamichail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Hospital, Athens, Greece."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"234","reference":[{"key":"2020021223312424400_REF1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rook GA. 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