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To address this, we used a high-dimensional, data-driven approach to devise a framework for parsing human iNKT heterogeneity. Our data revealed novel and previously described iNKT cell phenotypes with distinct functions. In particular, we found 2 phenotypes of interest: (1) a population with T helper 1 function that was increased with iNKT activation characterized by HLA-II+CD161\u2013 expression, and (2) a population with enhanced cytotoxic function characterized by CD4\u2013CD94+ expression. These populations correlate with acute graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and with new onset type 1 diabetes, respectively. Our study identifies human iNKT cell phenotypes associated with human disease that could aid in the development of biomarkers or therapeutics targeting iNKT cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019001903","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,14]],"date-time":"2020-01-14T21:49:43Z","timestamp":1579038583000},"page":"814-825","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood.2019cm0000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["High-parametric evaluation of human invariant natural killer T cells to delineate heterogeneity in allo- and autoimmunity"],"prefix":"10.1182","volume":"135","author":[{"given":"Tom","family":"Erkers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA;"},{"name":"Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryan 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