{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:19:56Z","timestamp":1787019596575,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"American Society of Hematology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]],"date-time":"2021-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636934400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ashpublications.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The chronic phase of chronic myeloid leukemia (CP-CML) is characterized by the excessive production of maturating myeloid cells. As CML stem\/progenitor cells (LSPCs) are poised to cycle and differentiate, LSPCs must balance conservation and differentiation to avoid exhaustion, similar to normal hematopoiesis under stress. Since BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) eliminate differentiating cells but spare BCR-ABL1-independent LSPCs, understanding the mechanisms that regulate LSPC differentiation may inform strategies to eliminate LSPCs. Upon performing a meta-analysis of published CML transcriptomes, we discovered that low expression of the MS4A3 transmembrane protein is a universal characteristic of LSPC quiescence, BCR-ABL1 independence, and transformation to blast phase (BP). Several mechanisms are involved in suppressing MS4A3, including aberrant methylation and a MECOM-C\/EBP\u03b5 axis. Contrary to previous reports, we find that MS4A3 does not function as a G1\/S phase inhibitor but promotes endocytosis of common \u03b2-chain (\u03b2c) cytokine receptors upon GM-CSF\/IL-3 stimulation, enhancing downstream signaling and cellular differentiation. This suggests that LSPCs downregulate MS4A3 to evade \u03b2c cytokine-induced differentiation and maintain a more primitive, TKI-insensitive state. Accordingly, knockdown (KD) or deletion of MS4A3\/Ms4a3 promotes TKI resistance and survival of CML cells ex vivo and enhances leukemogenesis in\u00a0vivo, while targeted delivery of exogenous MS4A3 protein promotes differentiation. These data support a model in which MS4A3 governs response to differentiating myeloid cytokines, providing a unifying mechanism for the differentiation block characteristic of CML quiescence and BP-CML. Promoting MS4A3 reexpression or delivery of ectopic MS4A3 may help eliminate LSPCs in\u00a0vivo.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2021011802","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]],"date-time":"2021-11-15T16:01:30Z","timestamp":1636992090000},"page":"761-778","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood.2019cm0000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["MS4A3 promotes differentiation in chronic myeloid leukemia by enhancing common \u03b2-chain cytokine receptor endocytosis"],"prefix":"10.1182","volume":"139","author":[{"given":"Helong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI;"},{"name":"Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI;"},{"name":"Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies and"},{"name":"Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, 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