{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T21:55:40Z","timestamp":1793310940147,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"American Society of Hematology","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["ashpublications.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We tested the hypothesis that fixed oral moderate-dose hydroxyurea (20 mg\/kg per day) for initial treatment of secondary stroke prevention results in an 80% relative risk reduction of stroke or death when compared with fixed oral low-dose hydroxyurea (10\u00a0mg\/kg per day) in a phase 3 double-blind, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial in children with sickle cell anemia (SCA) living in Nigeria. A total of 101 participants were randomly allocated to low-dose (n = 49) and moderate-dose (n = 52) hydroxyurea treatment groups. The median participant follow-up was 1.6 years (interquartile range, 1.0-2.3), with a planned minimum follow-up of 3.0 years. A total of 6 recurrent strokes and 2 deaths vs 5 recurrent strokes and 3 deaths occurred in the low- and moderate-dose groups, respectively. The incidence rate ratio (IRR) of the primary outcome measure of stroke or death in the low- and moderate-dose hydroxyurea treatment groups was 0.98 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.32-3.00; P\u00a0= .97). The trial was stopped early owing to no clinical difference in the incidence rates of the primary outcome measure. The incidence rates of recurrent strokes were 7.1 and 6.0 per 100 person-years in the low- and moderate-dose groups, respectively, (IRR, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.30-4.88; P\u00a0= .74). As a measure of adherence to the oral hydroxyurea therapy, the median percent of returned pills was 3.0% and 2.6% in the low- and moderate-dose groups, respectively. No participant had hydroxyurea therapy stopped for myelosuppression. For children with SCA in low-income settings without access to regular blood transfusion therapy, initial low-dose hydroxyurea is a minimum known efficacious dose for secondary stroke prevention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2022016620","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]],"date-time":"2022-11-02T21:07:34Z","timestamp":1667423254000},"page":"825-834","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood.2019cm0000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Hydroxyurea for secondary stroke prevention in\u00a0children with sickle cell anemia in Nigeria: a\u00a0randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1182","volume":"141","author":[{"given":"Shehu U.","family":"Abdullahi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Pediatrics, Bayero University and Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, 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Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Safiya","family":"Gambo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6Department of Pediatrics, Murtala Mohammed Specialist Hospital, Kano, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Awwal","family":"Gambo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6Department of Pediatrics, Murtala Mohammed Specialist Hospital, Kano, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bilya","family":"Musa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Department of Administration, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brittany V.","family":"Covert Greene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"7Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt-Meharry Center of Excellence in Sickle Cell Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, 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