{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T18:13:32Z","timestamp":1790187212041,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"American Society of Hematology","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["ashpublications.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Thrombocytopenia in older individuals is a common but diagnostically challenging condition that has variable clinical impact to those who are affected. Diagnostic approach requires evaluation of the preexisting clinical conditions, detailed review of medications, and assessment for disorders that warrant urgent treatment. In this article, we describe a systematic approach to diagnosis of thrombocytopenia and present a schematic review for management strategies. Three clinical scenarios are presented that are relevant for their prevalence and management challenges in an older adult population. The first scenario addresses primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and reviews different treatment options. The second one addresses complications of thrombocytopenia in management of the myelodysplastic syndrome. The last one reviews diagnostic challenges of drug-induced ITP.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2022017634","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]],"date-time":"2023-11-13T21:54:50Z","timestamp":1699912490000},"page":"214-223","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood.2019cm0000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["How I diagnose and treat thrombocytopenia in geriatric patients"],"prefix":"10.1182","volume":"143","author":[{"given":"Patrick","family":"Foy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6518-407X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenneth D.","family":"Friedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Versiti Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura C.","family":"Michaelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"234","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2024011816211218900_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2005.06.052","article-title":"Platelet counts differ by sex, ethnicity, and age in the United States","volume":"16","author":"Segal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024011816211218900_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1830","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14227","article-title":"Risk factors for bleeding, including platelet count threshold, in newly diagnosed immune thrombocytopenia adults","volume":"16","author":"Piel-Julian","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024011816211218900_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwx061","article-title":"Agreement between 35 published frailty scores in the general population","volume":"186","author":"Aguayo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2024011816211218900_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2018.10.003","article-title":"Curing diffuse large B-cell lymphomas in elderly patients","volume":"58","author":"Moccia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024011816211218900_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.5858\/133.2.309","article-title":"Drug-induced thrombocytopenia","volume":"133","author":"Kenney","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024011816211218900_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1080\/09537104.2019.1637835","article-title":"How I approach new onset thrombocytopenia","volume":"31","author":"Swain","year":"2020","journal-title":"Platelets"},{"issue":"10","key":"2024011816211218900_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.21500","article-title":"Cost and mortality associated with hospitalizations in patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"84","author":"Danese","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024011816211218900_bib8","first-page":"194","article-title":"Medical resource utilisation and healthcare costs in patients with chronic hepatitis C viral infection and thrombocytopenia","volume":"14","author":"Poordad","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Econ"},{"key":"2024011816211218900_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.2147\/VHRM.S123631","article-title":"Length of stay, hospitalization cost, and in-hospital mortality in US adult inpatients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura, 2006\u20132012","volume":"13","author":"An","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vasc Health Risk Manag"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024011816211218900_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1182\/asheducation.V2012.1.191.3798260","article-title":"How to approach thrombocytopenia","volume":"2012","author":"Stasi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program"},{"issue":"26","key":"2024011816211218900_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3032","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-09-693655","article-title":"How I evaluate and treat thrombocytopenia in the intensive care unit patient","volume":"128","author":"Greinacher","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024011816211218900_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2009.03360.x","article-title":"Drug-induced immune thrombocytopenia: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management","volume":"7","author":"Aster","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024011816211218900_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-11-611335","article-title":"Drug-induced thrombotic microangiopathy: a systematic review of published reports","volume":"125","author":"Al-Nouri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024011816211218900_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/81.3.317","article-title":"Pseudoleukocytosis due to EDTA-induced platelet clumping","volume":"81","author":"Savage","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024011816211218900_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.2010.01468.x","article-title":"Correlation between immature platelet fraction and reticulated platelets. Usefulness in the etiology diagnosis of thrombocytopenia","volume":"85","author":"Pons","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2024011816211218900_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V108.11.1085.1085","article-title":"Immature platelet fraction in different diagnosis of thrombocytopenic states: an approach to distinguish idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura from myelodysplastic syndrome with isolated thrombocytopenia","volume":"108","author":"Miyazaki","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024011816211218900_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2013.05.005","article-title":"Approach to the diagnosis and management of drug-induced immune thrombocytopenia","volume":"27","author":"Arnold","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transfus Med Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024011816211218900_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.13-0121","article-title":"Thrombocytopenia in critically ill patients receiving thromboprophylaxis: frequency, risk factors, and outcomes","volume":"144","author":"Williamson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"8","key":"2024011816211218900_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200208000-00015","article-title":"Thrombocytopenia in patients in the medical intensive care unit: bleeding prevalence, transfusion requirements, and outcome","volume":"30","author":"Strauss","year":"2002","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024011816211218900_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1177\/1751143715618683","article-title":"Catheter-related thrombosis: a practical approach","volume":"17","author":"Wall","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Intensive Care Soc"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024011816211218900_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1097\/00001813-200104000-00012","article-title":"Incidence of thrombocytopenia with gemcitabine-based therapy and influence of dosing and schedule","volume":"12","author":"Cassidy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anticancer Drugs"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024011816211218900_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2234","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V90.6.2234","article-title":"In\u00a0vitro senescence and apoptotic cell death of human megakaryocytes","volume":"90","author":"Zauli","year":"1997","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024011816211218900_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.12781","article-title":"Milestones in understanding platelet production: a historical overview","volume":"165","author":"Kuter","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"5-6","key":"2024011816211218900_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1080\/10245330400010620","article-title":"Thrombopoietin (TPO) levels in hepatic patients with thrombocytopenia","volume":"9","author":"Aref","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hematology"},{"issue":"10","key":"2024011816211218900_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1776","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-12-259663","article-title":"Platelet senescence is regulated by an internal timer, not damage inflicted by hits","volume":"116","author":"Dowling","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024011816211218900_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2009.07714.x","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus can make immune thrombocytopenic purpura refractory","volume":"146","author":"DiMaggio","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2024011816211218900_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4528","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-09-044388","article-title":"Mapping helper T-cell epitopes on platelet membrane glycoprotein IIIa in chronic autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"109","author":"Sukati","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024011816211218900_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-08-2672","article-title":"Suppression of in\u00a0vitro megakaryocyte production by antiplatelet autoantibodies from adult patients with\u00a0chronic ITP","volume":"103","author":"McMillan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024011816211218900_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2007.06737.x","article-title":"CD8+ T cells suppress autologous megakaryocyte apoptosis in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"139","author":"Li","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024011816211218900_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2019001414","article-title":"A\u00a0practical approach to evaluating postoperative thrombocytopenia","volume":"4","author":"Skeith","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024011816211218900_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.10-2243","article-title":"The frequency and clinical significance of thrombocytopenia complicating critical illness: a systematic review","volume":"139","author":"Hui","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024011816211218900_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI105380","article-title":"Pooling of platelets in the spleen: role in the pathogenesis of \"hypersplenic\" thrombocytopenia","volume":"45","author":"Aster","year":"1966","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024011816211218900_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2005.41543.x","article-title":"The role of thrombopoietin in the thrombocytopenia of patients with liver cirrhosis","volume":"100","author":"Rios","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"23","key":"2024011816211218900_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3829","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2019000966","article-title":"American Society of Hematology 2019 guidelines for immune thrombocytopenia","volume":"3","author":"Neunert","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"issue":"22","key":"2024011816211218900_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3780","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2019000812","article-title":"Updated international consensus report on the investigation and management of primary immune thrombocytopenia","volume":"3","author":"Provan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024011816211218900_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-016-2081-4","article-title":"Disease characteristics and prognosis of myelodysplastic syndrome presenting with isolated thrombocytopenia","volume":"105","author":"Waisbren","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Hematol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024011816211218900_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-07-167155","article-title":"Effects of eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura: a systematic review","volume":"113","author":"Stasi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024011816211218900_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1538-7836.2003.00091.x","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of the immunobead assay for the diagnosis of adult chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)","volume":"1","author":"McMillan","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"7","key":"2024011816211218900_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0904084","article-title":"Dose of prophylactic platelet transfusions and prevention of hemorrhage","volume":"362","author":"Slichter","year":"2010","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024011816211218900_bib40","first-page":"275","author":"Al-Samkari","year":"2020"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024011816211218900_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-012-1567-2","article-title":"Immune thrombocytopenia in the elderly: clinical course in 525 patients from a single center\u00a0in China","volume":"92","author":"Zhou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024011816211218900_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V77.1.31.31","article-title":"High risk of severe bleeding in aged patients with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"77","author":"Cortelazzo","year":"1991","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"11","key":"2024011816211218900_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0142217","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0142217","article-title":"Corticosteroid risk function of severe infection in primary immune thrombocytopenia adults. A nationwide nested case-control study","volume":"10","author":"Moulis","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024011816211218900_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-07-659656","article-title":"High-dose dexamethasone vs prednisone for treatment of adult immune thrombocytopenia: a prospective multicenter randomized trial","volume":"127","author":"Wei","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"10","key":"2024011816211218900_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e489","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(16)30109-0","article-title":"High-dose dexamethasone compared with prednisone for previously untreated primary immune thrombocytopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"3","author":"Mithoowani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"},{"issue":"9300","key":"2024011816211218900_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07275-6","article-title":"Intravenous immunoglobulin or high-dose methylprednisolone, with or without oral prednisone, for adults with untreated severe autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura: a randomised, multicentre trial","volume":"359","author":"Godeau","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024011816211218900_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2006.07390.x","article-title":"Intravenous immunoglobulin-associated arterial and venous thrombosis; report of a series and review of the literature","volume":"155","author":"Marie","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2024011816211218900_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2386","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-07-162503","article-title":"Standardization of terminology, definitions and outcome criteria in immune thrombocytopenic purpura of adults and children: report from an international working group","volume":"113","author":"Rodeghiero","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"9610","key":"2024011816211218900_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60203-2","article-title":"Efficacy of romiplostim in patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura: a double-blind randomised controlled trial","volume":"371","author":"Kuter","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024011816211218900_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.15573","article-title":"Phase 3 randomised study of avatrombopag, a novel thrombopoietin receptor agonist for the treatment of chronic immune thrombocytopenia","volume":"183","author":"Jurczak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2024011816211218900_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1973","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-015-2485-x","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of the thrombopoietin receptor agonist romiplostim in patients aged \u226565 years with immune thrombocytopenia","volume":"94","author":"Michel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024011816211218900_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E40","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.23900","article-title":"Successful discontinuation of eltrombopag after complete remission in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia","volume":"90","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-L\u00f3pez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2024011816211218900_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2021010735","article-title":"Real-world use of thrombopoietin receptor agonists in older patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia","volume":"138","author":"Palandri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024011816211218900_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2011.08845.x","article-title":"Fibroproliferative activity in patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) treated with thrombopoietic agents","volume":"155","author":"Ghanima","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"25","key":"2024011816211218900_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5989","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-11-393975","article-title":"Outcomes 5 years after response to rituximab therapy in children and adults with immune thrombocytopenia","volume":"119","author":"Patel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"22","key":"2024011816211218900_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3228","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-06-582346","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of rituximab in adult immune thrombocytopenia: results from a prospective registry including 248 patients","volume":"124","author":"Khellaf","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"7","key":"2024011816211218900_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.25125","article-title":"Fostamatinib for the treatment of adult persistent and chronic immune thrombocytopenia: results of two phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled trials","volume":"93","author":"Bussel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024011816211218900_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.12821","article-title":"Long-term results of splenectomy in adult chronic immune thrombocytopenia","volume":"98","author":"Guan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024011816211218900_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.12146","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of splenectomy in over 65-yrs-old patients with immune thrombocytopenia","volume":"91","author":"Gonzalez-Porras","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024011816211218900_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1159\/000442703","article-title":"Clinical outcome and predictive factors in the response to splenectomy in elderly patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia: a multicenter retrospective study","volume":"135","author":"Park","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Haematol"},{"issue":"48","key":"2024011816211218900_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e5098","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000005098","article-title":"Long-term complications of splenectomy in adult immune thrombocytopenia","volume":"95","author":"Thai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024011816211218900_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.22602","article-title":"The incidence and impact of thrombocytopenia in myelodysplastic syndromes","volume":"109","author":"Kantarjian","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"8","key":"2024011816211218900_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.35.6394","article-title":"New comprehensive cytogenetic scoring system for primary myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and oligoblastic acute myeloid leukemia after MDS derived from an international database merge","volume":"30","author":"Schanz","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024011816211218900_bib64","first-page":"1026","article-title":"When should we think of myelodysplasia or bone marrow failure in a thrombocytopenic patient? A practical approach to diagnosis","volume":"10","author":"Bonadies","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024011816211218900_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2011.03.005","article-title":"Significance of thrombocytopenia in myelodysplastic syndromes: associations and prognostic implications","volume":"11","author":"Al Ameri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk"},{"issue":"10","key":"2024011816211218900_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.21249","article-title":"International MDS risk analysis workshop (IMRAW)\/IPSS reanalyzed: impact of cytopenias on clinical outcomes in myelodysplastic syndromes","volume":"83","author":"Kao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024011816211218900_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2015.297","article-title":"Thrombocytopenia in MDS: epidemiology, mechanisms, clinical consequences and novel therapeutic strategies","volume":"30","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"issue":"7","key":"2024011816211218900_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3064","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V87.7.3064.bloodjournal8773064","article-title":"Apoptosis in bone marrow of myelodysplastic syndrome patients","volume":"87","author":"Bogdanovi\u0107","year":"1996","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024011816211218900_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2400901","article-title":"Endogenous serum thrombopoietin concentrations in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes","volume":"12","author":"Zwierzina","year":"1998","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024011816211218900_bib70","first-page":"95","article-title":"Platelet function in the myelodysplastic syndromes","volume":"71","author":"Mittelman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Hematol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024011816211218900_bib71","first-page":"893","article-title":"Survival, hospitalization and cause of death in 99 patients with the myelodysplastic syndrome","volume":"9","author":"Konstantopoulos","year":"1989","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024011816211218900_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0041-1132.2004.00604.x","article-title":"Preliminary validation of a new standard of efficacy for stored platelets","volume":"44","author":"AuBuchon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024011816211218900_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2022.0009","article-title":"NCCN Guidelines\u00ae Insights: myelodysplastic syndromes, version 3.2022: featured updates to the NCCN guidelines","volume":"20","author":"Greenberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Natl Compr Canc Netw"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024011816211218900_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.76.1734","article-title":"Platelet transfusion for patients with cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline update","volume":"36","author":"Schiffer","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"19","key":"2024011816211218900_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1212772","article-title":"A\u00a0no-prophylaxis platelet-transfusion strategy for hematologic cancers","volume":"368","author":"Stanworth","year":"2013","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9850","key":"2024011816211218900_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60689-8","article-title":"Therapeutic platelet transfusion versus routine prophylactic transfusion in patients with haematological malignancies: an open-label, multicentre, randomised study","volume":"380","author":"Wandt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"8","key":"2024011816211218900_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1794","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.21792","article-title":"Decitabine improves patient outcomes in myelodysplastic syndromes: results of a phase III randomized study","volume":"106","author":"Kantarjian","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"24","key":"2024011816211218900_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3895","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.05.4346","article-title":"Further analysis of trials with azacitidine in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome: studies 8421, 8921, and 9221 by the Cancer and Leukemia Group B","volume":"24","author":"Silverman","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024011816211218900_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.13088","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of thrombopoietin-receptor agonists in myelodysplastic syndromes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"167","author":"Prica","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2024011816211218900_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1838","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.28663","article-title":"Results of a randomized, double-blind study of romiplostim versus placebo in patients with low\/intermediate-1\u2013risk myelodysplastic syndrome and thrombocytopenia","volume":"120","author":"Giagounidis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"17","key":"2024011816211218900_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3163","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-03-274753","article-title":"Phase 2 study of romiplostim in patients with low-or intermediate-risk myelodysplastic syndrome receiving azacitidine therapy","volume":"116","author":"Kantarjian","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"25","key":"2024011816211218900_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2629","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-06-855221","article-title":"Azacitidine with or without eltrombopag for first-line treatment of intermediate-or high-risk MDS with thrombocytopenia","volume":"132","author":"Dickinson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"15","key":"2024011816211218900_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200427150-00007","article-title":"Drug-induced immune thrombocytopenia","volume":"27","author":"van den Bemt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"issue":"8","key":"2024011816211218900_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2723","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.8.2723-2726.2002","article-title":"Hematologic effects of linezolid: summary of clinical experience","volume":"46","author":"Gerson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"suppl 6","key":"2024011816211218900_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S145","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181de0b88","article-title":"Drug-induced thrombocytopenia in critically ill patients","volume":"38","author":"Priziola","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024011816211218900_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-02-203034","article-title":"Megakaryocyte impairment by eptifibatide-induced antibodies causes prolonged thrombocytopenia","volume":"114","author":"Greinacher","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"3 pt 2","key":"2024011816211218900_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2011.10.026","article-title":"Thrombotic microangiopathic syndromes associated with drugs, HIV infection, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and cancer","volume":"41","author":"George","year":"2012","journal-title":"Presse Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024011816211218900_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1097\/HPC.0b013e3181d24562","article-title":"The use of antithrombotic therapies in the prevention and treatment of arterial and venous thrombosis: a survey of current knowledge and practice supporting the need for clinical education","volume":"9","author":"Arepally","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crit Pathw Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024011816211218900_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E162","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.26482","article-title":"Drug (vaccine)-induced thrombocytopenia 2021: diversity of pathogenesis and clinical features","volume":"97","author":"Nusrat","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024011816211218900_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.21307\/immunohematology-2019-099","article-title":"Drug-induced immune thrombocytopenia: incidence, clinical features, laboratory testing, and pathogenic mechanisms","volume":"30","author":"Curtis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunohematology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024011816211218900_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.12052","article-title":"A\u00a0systematic evaluation of laboratory testing for drug-induced immune thrombocytopenia","volume":"11","author":"Arnold","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024011816211218900_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.12852","article-title":"Recommendations for standardization of laboratory testing for drug-induced immune thrombocytopenia: communication from the SSC of the ISTH","volume":"13","author":"Arnold","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024011816211218900_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa065066","article-title":"Vancomycin-induced immune thrombocytopenia","volume":"356","author":"Von Drygalski","year":"2007","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["Blood"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ashpublications.org\/blood\/article-pdf\/143\/3\/214\/2181734\/blood_bld-2022-017634-c-main.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ashpublications.org\/blood\/article-pdf\/143\/3\/214\/2181734\/blood_bld-2022-017634-c-main.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]],"date-time":"2024-01-18T16:21:42Z","timestamp":1705594902000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ashpublications.org\/blood\/article\/143\/3\/214\/498686\/How-I-diagnose-and-treat-thrombocytopenia-in"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]]},"references-count":93,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood.2022017634","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-4971","1528-0020"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-4971","type":"print"},{"value":"1528-0020","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]]}}}