{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T12:16:54Z","timestamp":1790252214091,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"American Society of Hematology","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["ashpublications.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Severe anemia is commonly treated with red blood cell transfusion. Clinical trials have demonstrated that a restrictive transfusion strategy of 7 to 8 g\/dL is as safe as a liberal transfusion strategy of 9 to 10 g\/dL in many clinical settings. Evidence is lacking for subgroups of patients, including those with preexisting coronary artery disease, acute myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, and myelodysplastic neoplasms. We present 3 clinical vignettes that highlight the clinical challenges in caring for patients with coronary artery disease with gastrointestinal bleeding, congestive heart failure, or myelodysplastic neoplasms. We emphasize that transfusion practice should be guided by patient symptoms and preferences in conjunction with the patient\u2019s hemoglobin concentration. Along with the transfusion decision, evaluation and management of the etiology of the anemia is essential. Iron-restricted erythropoiesis is a common cause of anemia severe enough to be considered for red blood cell transfusion but diagnosis and management of absolute iron deficiency anemia, the anemia of inflammation with functional iron deficiency, or their combination may be problematic. Intravenous iron therapy is generally the treatment of choice for absolute iron deficiency in patients with complex medical disorders, with or without coexisting functional iron deficiency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2022018521","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,31]],"date-time":"2022-10-31T19:57:22Z","timestamp":1667246242000},"page":"777-785","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood.2019cm0000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["How I treat anemia with red blood cell transfusion and iron"],"prefix":"10.1182","volume":"142","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5466-2833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey L.","family":"Carson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5667-7446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gary M.","family":"Brittenham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"234","reference":[{"issue":"19","key":"2023083115242324500_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2025","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.9185","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines from the AABB: red blood cell transfusion thresholds and storage","volume":"316","author":"Carson","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"10","key":"2023083115242324500_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.0554","article-title":"Patient blood management: recommendations from the 2018 Frankfurt consensus conference","volume":"321","author":"Mueller","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"12","key":"2023083115242324500_bib3","first-page":"CD002042","article-title":"Transfusion thresholds for guiding red blood cell transfusion","author":"Carson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2023083115242324500_bib4","unstructured":"Josephson\n              C\n            \n          . 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