{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T08:59:03Z","timestamp":1793177943655,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"American Society of Hematology","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["ashpublications.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Immune cell inflammation is implicated in the pathophysiology of acute trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC). We hypothesized that leukocyte inflammation contributes to TIC through the oxidation and proteolysis of fibrinogen. To test this hypothesis, antioxidants and a novel anti-inflammatory melanocortin fusion protein (AQB-565) were used to study the effects of interleukin-6 (IL-6)\u2013stimulated human leukocytes on fibrinogen using single-cell imaging flow cytometry and multiplex fluorescent western blotting. We also studied the effects of AQB-565 on fibrinogen using an in\u00a0vivo rat trauma model of native TIC. IL-6 induced cellular inflammation and mitochondrial superoxide production in human monocytes, causing fibrinogen oxidation and degradation in\u00a0vitro. Antioxidants suppressing mitochondrial superoxide reduced oxidative stress and inflammation and protected fibrinogen. AQB-565 decreased inflammation, inhibited mitochondrial superoxide, and protected fibrinogen in\u00a0vitro. Trauma with hemorrhagic shock increased IL-6 and other proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, selectively oxidized and degraded fibrinogen, and induced TIC in rats in\u00a0vivo. AQB-565, given at the onset of hemorrhage, blocked inflammation, protected fibrinogen from oxidation and degradation, and prevented TIC. Leukocyte activation contributes to TIC through the oxidation and degradation of fibrinogen, which involves mitochondrial superoxide and cellular inflammation. Suppression of inflammation by activation of melanocortin pathways may be a novel approach for the prevention and treatment of TIC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2022019164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]],"date-time":"2023-06-26T16:33:17Z","timestamp":1687797197000},"page":"724-741","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood.2019cm0000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["A novel melanocortin fusion protein inhibits fibrinogen oxidation and degradation during trauma-induced coagulopathy"],"prefix":"10.1182","volume":"142","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9201-7982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chang Yeop","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Emergency Medicine and Resuscitation Engineering Science Unit, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, 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