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In addition, there are a large number of up-regulated mRNAs that appear to represent a common core of activation response genes that have been identified as early-response products to a variety of stimuli in a number of other cell types. The activation response of neutrophils to nonpathogenic bacteria is greatly altered by exposure to Yersinia pestis, which may be a major factor contributing to the virulence and rapid progression of plague. Several gene clusters were created based on the patterns of gene induction caused by different bacteria. These clusters were consistent with those found by a principal components analysis. A number of the changes could be interpreted in terms of neutrophil physiology and the known functions of the genes. These findings indicate that active regulation of gene expression plays a major role in the neutrophil contribution to the cellular inflammatory response. Interruption of these changes by pathogens, such as Y pestis, could be responsible, at least in part, for the failure to contain infections by highly virulent organisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.v97.8.2457","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T12:46:47Z","timestamp":1027774007000},"page":"2457-2468","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood.2019cm0000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":109,"title":["RNA expression patterns change dramatically in human neutrophils exposed to bacteria"],"prefix":"10.1182","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Yerramilli V. B. 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Worcester."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yatindra","family":"Prashar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Genetics, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, and the Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT; and the Departments of Molecular Genetics\/Microbiology and Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen H.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Genetics, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, and the Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT; and the Departments of Molecular Genetics\/Microbiology and Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 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