{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:07:39Z","timestamp":1760188059171},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"American Society of Hematology","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["ashpublications.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>In sickle cell (SS) vaso-occlusion, the culminating event is blockage of blood vessels by sickled red blood cells (SS RBCs). As shown in animal models, SS RBC-induced vaso-occlusion is often partial, allowing for a residual flow, hence oxygen delivery to partially occluded vessels could reduce vaso-occlusion. The efficacy of an oxygenated perflubron-based fluorocarbon emulsion (PFE) was tested for its anti\u2013vaso-occlusive effects in the ex vivo mesocecum vasculature of the rat. Microvascular obstruction was induced by the infusion of deoxygenated SS RBCs into ex vivo preparations with or without pretreatment with platelet-activating factor (PAF). PAF induced enhanced SS RBC\u2013endothelium interactions, leading to greater vaso-occlusion. Microvascular blockage resulted in increased peripheral resistance units (PRU). Deoxygenated SS RBCs caused a persistent 1.5-fold PRU increase in untreated preparations and approximately a 2-fold PRU increase in PAF-treated preparations. The greater PRU in PAF-treated preparations was caused by widespread adhesion and postcapillary blockage. Oxygenated PFE, but not deoxygenated PFE, resulted in PRU decreases to baseline values in both groups of experiments (with or without PAF). The PRU decrease caused by oxygenated PFE infusion was caused by unsickling of SS RBCs in partially occluded vessels, with no antiadhesive effect on already adherent SS RBCs as assessed by intravital microscopy. PFE had no effect on vascular tone. The efficacy of PFE appears to result from its greater capacity to dissolve oxygen (10-fold higher than plasma). The dislodgement of trapped SS RBCs and an increase in wall shear rates will help reverse the partial obstruction. Thus, oxygenated PFE is capable of reducing SS RBC-induced vaso-occlusion, and further development of this approach is advisable.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.v98.10.3128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T12:46:47Z","timestamp":1027774007000},"page":"3128-3131","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1182\/blood.2019cm0000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Ameliorating effects of fluorocarbon emulsion on sickle red blood cell\u2013induced obstruction in an ex vivo vasculature"],"prefix":"10.1182","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Dhananjay K.","family":"Kaul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao-du","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronald L.","family":"Nagel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"234","reference":[{"key":"2020021217430164200_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1989.tb24179.x","article-title":"Erythrocytic and vascular factors influencing the microcirculatory behavior of blood in sickle cell anemia.","volume":"565","author":"Kaul","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci."},{"key":"2020021217430164200_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3356","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.9.3356","article-title":"Microvascular sites and characteristics of sickle cell adhesion to vascular endothelium in shear flow conditions: pathophysiological implications.","volume":"86","author":"Kaul","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"key":"2020021217430164200_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3808","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.10.3808","article-title":"Modeling sickle cell vaso-occlusion in the rat leg: quantification of trapped sickle cells and correlation with 31P metabolic and 1H magnetic resonance imaging changes.","volume":"86","author":"Fabry","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"key":"2020021217430164200_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2845","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118355","article-title":"In vivo demonstration of red cell\u2013endothelial interaction, sickling and altered microvascular response to oxygen in the sickle transgenic mouse.","volume":"96","author":"Kaul","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"key":"2020021217430164200_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.1998.tb05426.x","article-title":"Perfluorocarbon compounds.","volume":"74(suppl 2)","author":"Faithfull","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vox Sang."},{"key":"2020021217430164200_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.3109\/10731199409138857","article-title":"Characterization and mechanism of side-effects of Oxygent HT (highly concentrated fluorocarbon emulsion) in swine.","volume":"22","author":"Flaim","year":"1994","journal-title":"Artif Cells Blood Substit Immobil Biotechnol."},{"key":"2020021217430164200_B7","first-page":"122","article-title":"Pressure effects in living microscopic vessels.","volume-title":"Flow Properties of Blood and Other Biological Systems. London","author":"Baez","year":"1960"},{"key":"2020021217430164200_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI110960","article-title":"Erythrocytes in sickle cell anemia are heterogeneous in their rheological and hemodynamic characteristics.","volume":"72","author":"Kaul","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"key":"2020021217430164200_B9","first-page":"217","article-title":"Flow properties and endothelial adhesion of sickle erythrocytes in an ex vivo microvascular preparation.","volume-title":"Membrane Abnormalities in Sickle Cell Disease and in Other Red Blood Cell Disorders.","author":"Kaul","year":"1994"},{"key":"2020021217430164200_B10","first-page":"122","article-title":"Resistance (conductance) and capacitance phenomena in terminal vascular beds.","volume":"2","author":"Green","year":"1963","journal-title":"Handbook of Physiology."},{"key":"2020021217430164200_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V95.2.368","article-title":"Monoclonal antibodies to \u03b1V\u03b23 (7E3 and LM609) inhibit sickle red blood cell-endothelium interactions induced by platelet-activating factor [see comments].","volume":"95","author":"Kaul","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"2020021217430164200_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V89.3.1078","article-title":"Fetal hemoglobin in sickle cell anemia: determinants of response to hydroxyurea: multicenter study of hydroxyurea.","volume":"89","author":"Steinberg","year":"1997","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"2020021217430164200_B13","first-page":"1631","article-title":"Pluronic F-68 reduces the endothelial adherence and improves the rheology of liganded sickle erythrocytes.","volume":"69","author":"Smith","year":"1987","journal-title":"Blood."}],"container-title":["Blood"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/ashpublications.org\/blood\/article-pdf\/98\/10\/3128\/1678539\/h8220103128.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/ashpublications.org\/blood\/article-pdf\/98\/10\/3128\/1678539\/h8220103128.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,12]],"date-time":"2020-02-12T23:40:28Z","timestamp":1581550828000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ashpublications.org\/blood\/article\/98\/10\/3128\/53025\/Ameliorating-effects-of-fluorocarbon-emulsion-on"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,11,15]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,11,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood.v98.10.3128","relation":{},"ISSN":["1528-0020","0006-4971"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1528-0020","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0006-4971","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,11,15]]}}}