{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:28:25Z","timestamp":1791332905416,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"American Society of Hematology","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["ashpublications.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The transactivator protein of human T-lymphotropic virus I (HTLV-I), Tax, has been associated with the up-regulation of several host cell genes, including interleukin 2 (IL-2), the IL-2 receptor-\u03b1(IL-2R\u03b1) chain (CD25), interferon \u03b3(IFN-\u03b3), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). It has been proposed that an IL-2\/CD25 autocrine loop plays a part in maintaining the very high proviral loads often found in HTLV-I infection. Furthermore, abnormal production of inflammatory cytokines might contribute to the pathogenesis of the inflammatory diseases associated with HTLV-I infection. However, there has been no study of the expression of these genes in freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) naturally infected with HTLV-I. In the present study, flow cytometry was used to determine which cytokines are produced by freshly isolated PBMCs that spontaneously express the HTLV-I Tax protein. Surprisingly, the results show that intracellular Tax expression is associated with rapid up-regulation of IFN-\u03b3 but not TNF or IL-2. A proportion of HTLV-I\u2013infected cells express both IFN-\u03b3 and the surface markers of effector memory cells. Such cells are capable of migration through peripheral tissues and could therefore contribute to the inflammation seen in diseases such as HTLV-I\u2013associated myelopathy\/tropical spastic paraparesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.v98.3.721","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T12:46:47Z","timestamp":1027774007000},"page":"721-726","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood.2019cm0000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["High production of interferon \u03b3 but not interleukin-2 by human T-lymphotropic virus type I\u2013infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells"],"prefix":"10.1182","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Hanon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Immunology and Genito-Urinary Medicine and Communicable Diseases, Imperial College School of Medicine, St Mary's Campus, London, United Kingdom; the First Department of Internal Medicine, Ehime University School of Medicine, Shigenobu, Ehime, Japan; and the Department of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Okinawa-Asia Research Center of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of The Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Goon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Immunology and Genito-Urinary Medicine and Communicable Diseases, Imperial College School of Medicine, St Mary's Campus, London, United Kingdom; the First Department of Internal Medicine, Ehime University School of Medicine, Shigenobu, Ehime, Japan; and the Department of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Okinawa-Asia Research Center of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of The Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graham P.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Immunology and Genito-Urinary Medicine and Communicable Diseases, Imperial College School of Medicine, St Mary's Campus, London, United Kingdom; the First Department of Internal Medicine, Ehime University School of Medicine, Shigenobu, Ehime, Japan; and the Department of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Okinawa-Asia Research Center of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of The Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Hasegawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Immunology and Genito-Urinary Medicine and Communicable Diseases, Imperial College School of Medicine, St Mary's Campus, London, United Kingdom; the First Department of Internal Medicine, Ehime University School of Medicine, Shigenobu, Ehime, Japan; and the Department of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Okinawa-Asia Research Center of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of The Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuetsu","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Immunology and Genito-Urinary Medicine and Communicable Diseases, Imperial College School of Medicine, St Mary's Campus, London, United Kingdom; the First Department of Internal Medicine, Ehime University School of Medicine, Shigenobu, Ehime, Japan; and the Department of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Okinawa-Asia Research Center of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of The Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan N.","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Immunology and Genito-Urinary Medicine and Communicable Diseases, Imperial College School of Medicine, St Mary's Campus, London, United Kingdom; the First Department of Internal Medicine, Ehime University School of Medicine, Shigenobu, Ehime, Japan; and the Department of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Okinawa-Asia Research Center of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of The Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles R. 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