{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T12:00:43Z","timestamp":1770984043392,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"American Society of Hematology","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["ashpublications.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,2,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The CC chemokine receptor CCR5 is an important coreceptor for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and there is a major thrust to develop anti-CCR5\u2013based therapies for HIV-1. However, it is not known whether CCR5 is critical for a normal antiviral T-cell response. This study investigated the immune response to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in mice lacking CCR5 (CCR5\u2212\/\u2212 mice). This infection is a classical model for studying antiviral immunity, and influx of CCR5-expressing CD8+ T cells and macrophages is essential for both virus control and associated immunopathology. Results showed that the virus-induced clonal expansion of antigen-specific T cells was augmented in CCR5\u2212\/\u2212 mice especially with regard to the CD4+ subset. Despite absence of CCR5, intracerebral infection invariably resulted in lethal T cell-mediated meningitis, and quantitative and qualitative analysis of the inflammatory exudate cells did not reveal any significant differences between gene-targeted mice and wild-type controls. CCR5 was also found to be redundant regarding the ability to eliminate virus from internal organs. Using delayed-type hypersensitivity to evaluate CD8+ T cell-mediated inflammation, no significant influence of CCR5 was found, not even when viral peptide was used as local trigger instead of live virus. Finally, long-term CD8+ T cell-mediated immune surveillance was efficiently sustained in CCR5\u2212\/\u2212 mice. Taken together, these results indicate that expression of CCR5 is not critical for T cell-mediated antiviral immunity, and this molecule may therefore constitute a logic and safe target for anti-HIV therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.v99.4.1237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T12:46:40Z","timestamp":1027774000000},"page":"1237-1245","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood.2019cm0000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["The role of CC chemokine receptor 5 in antiviral immunity"],"prefix":"10.1182","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Anneline","family":"Nansen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Institute of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan Pravsgaard","family":"Christensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Institute of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susanne \u00d8rding","family":"Andreasen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Institute of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Bartholdy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Institute of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeanette Erbo","family":"Christensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Institute of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allan Randrup","family":"Thomsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Institute of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"234","reference":[{"key":"2020021222295421200_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.18.1.593","article-title":"The role of chemokine receptors in primary, effector, and memory immune responses.","volume":"18","author":"Sallusto","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol."},{"key":"2020021222295421200_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1038\/84219","article-title":"Lymphocyte traffic control by chemokines.","volume":"2","author":"Moser","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat Immunol."},{"key":"2020021222295421200_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1038\/84209","article-title":"Chemokines and disease.","volume":"2","author":"Gerard","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat Immunol."},{"key":"2020021222295421200_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-065X.2000.17717.x","article-title":"Understanding dendritic cell and T-lymphocyte traffic through the analysis of chemokine receptor expression.","volume":"177","author":"Sallusto","year":"2000","journal-title":"Immunol Rev."},{"key":"2020021222295421200_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI9232","article-title":"A chemokine-to-cytokine-to-chemokine cascade critical in antiviral defense.","volume":"105","author":"Salazar-Mather","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"key":"2020021222295421200_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1038\/84205","article-title":"Chemokines as regulators of T cell differentiation.","volume":"2","author":"Cyster","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat Immunol."},{"key":"2020021222295421200_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1038\/84298","article-title":"Chemokines: immunology's high impact factors.","volume":"2","author":"Mackay","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat Immunol."},{"key":"2020021222295421200_B8","first-page":"147","article-title":"Chemokines and lymphocyte migration.","volume":"7","author":"Lindhout","year":"1999","journal-title":"Immunologist."},{"key":"2020021222295421200_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1038\/84224","article-title":"Dancing to the tune of chemokines.","volume":"2","author":"Thelen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat Immunol."},{"key":"2020021222295421200_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.184.3.799","article-title":"Chemokine receptors and T cell chemotaxis.","volume":"184","author":"Mackay","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Exp Med."},{"key":"2020021222295421200_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(98)01346-2","article-title":"Chemokines and chemokine receptors in T-cell priming and Th1\/Th2-mediated responses.","volume":"19","author":"Sallusto","year":"1998","journal-title":"Immunol Today."},{"key":"2020021222295421200_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1196-1174","article-title":"Chemokine receptors: gateways to inflammation and infection.","volume":"2","author":"Premack","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"key":"2020021222295421200_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-6147(98)01247-4","article-title":"Definition, function and pathophysiological significance of chemokine receptors.","volume":"19","author":"Wells","year":"1998","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci."},{"key":"2020021222295421200_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1038\/33340","article-title":"Chemokines and leukocyte traffic.","volume":"392","author":"Baggiolini","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"2020021222295421200_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.10.040192.001011","article-title":"Roles of alpha beta and gamma delta T cell subsets in viral immunity.","volume":"10","author":"Doherty","year":"1992","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol."},{"key":"2020021222295421200_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1997.tb01010.x","article-title":"Effector CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell mechanisms in the control of respiratory virus infections.","volume":"159","author":"Doherty","year":"1997","journal-title":"Immunol Rev."},{"key":"2020021222295421200_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1038\/369031a0","article-title":"Cytotoxicity mediated by T cells and natural killer cells is greatly impaired in perforin-deficient mice.","volume":"369","author":"Kagi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"2020021222295421200_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10854","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.23.10854","article-title":"Immune function in mice lacking the perforin gene.","volume":"91","author":"Walsh","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"key":"2020021222295421200_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5197","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.159.11.5197","article-title":"CD8+ T cells clear influenza virus by perforin or Fas-dependent processes.","volume":"159","author":"Topham","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"key":"2020021222295421200_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(99)01488-7","article-title":"CTL granules: evolution of vesicles essential for combating virus infections.","volume":"20","author":"Trapani","year":"1999","journal-title":"Immunol Today."},{"key":"2020021222295421200_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1038\/295150a0","article-title":"Immune interferon release when a cloned cytotoxic T-cell line meets its correct influenza-infected target cell.","volume":"295","author":"Morris","year":"1982","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"2020021222295421200_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6114","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.11.6114","article-title":"Compromised virus control and augmented perforin-mediated immunopathology in IFN-gamma-deficient mice infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus.","volume":"163","author":"Nansen","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"key":"2020021222295421200_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.189.2.423","article-title":"Migration kinetics and final destination of type 1 and type 2 CD8 effector cells predict protection against pulmonary virus infection.","volume":"189","author":"Cerwenka","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Exp Med."},{"key":"2020021222295421200_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7667639","article-title":"Requirement of MIP-1 alpha for an inflammatory response to viral infection.","volume":"269","author":"Cook","year":"1995","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"2020021222295421200_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5423","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.9.5423","article-title":"CD8+ T cells are a biologically relevant source of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha in vivo.","volume":"162","author":"Cook","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"key":"2020021222295421200_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.187.1.1","article-title":"Early murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection induces liver natural killer (NK) cell inflammation and protection through macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha (MIP-1alpha)-dependent pathways.","volume":"187","author":"Salazar-Mather","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Exp Med."},{"key":"2020021222295421200_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2677","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.5.2677","article-title":"The chemokine macrophage-inflammatory protein-1 alpha and its receptor CCR1 control pulmonary inflammation and antiviral host defense in paramyxovirus infection.","volume":"165","author":"Domachowske","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"key":"2020021222295421200_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65068-7","article-title":"Contrasting effects of CCR5 and CCR2 deficiency in the pulmonary inflammatory response to influenza A virus.","volume":"156","author":"Dawson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Pathol."},{"key":"2020021222295421200_B29","first-page":"99","article-title":"Virus-induced T cell activation and the inflammatory response.","volume":"231","author":"Thomsen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol."},{"key":"2020021222295421200_B30","first-page":"131","article-title":"Nature of the inflammatory process in the central nervous system of mice infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus.","volume":"134","author":"Allan","year":"1987","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol."},{"key":"2020021222295421200_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5728(95)00099-N","article-title":"Virus-activated T cells regulate expression of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells in sites of infection.","volume":"62","author":"Marker","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"2020021222295421200_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(90)90019-6","article-title":"Dissection of an inflammatory process induced by CD8+ T cells.","volume":"11","author":"Doherty","year":"1990","journal-title":"Immunol Today."},{"key":"2020021222295421200_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.165.6.1539","article-title":"Phenotypic analysis of the inflammatory exudate in murine lymphocytic choriomeningitis.","volume":"165","author":"Ceredig","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Exp Med."},{"key":"2020021222295421200_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4141(200007)30:7<1797::AID-IMMU1797>3.0.CO;2-B","article-title":"CCR2+ and CCR5+ CD8+ T cells increase during viral infection and migrate to sites of infection.","volume":"30","author":"Nansen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol."},{"key":"2020021222295421200_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.60.1.147","article-title":"Cloning and functional expression of CC CKR5, a human monocyte CC chemokine receptor selective for MIP-1(alpha), MIP-1(beta), and RANTES.","volume":"60","author":"Combadiere","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol."},{"key":"2020021222295421200_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17161","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.29.17161","article-title":"Molecular cloning and functional characterization of a novel human CC chemokine receptor (CCR5) for RANTES, MIP-1beta, and MIP-1alpha.","volume":"271","author":"Raport","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"key":"2020021222295421200_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.137.6.1511","article-title":"Studies on cell-mediated immunity to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in mice.","volume":"137","author":"Marker","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Exp Med."},{"key":"2020021222295421200_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.142.4.1333","article-title":"MHC and non-MHC genes regulate elimination of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus and antiviral cytotoxic T lymphocyte and delayed-type hypersensitivity mediating T lymphocyte activity in parallel.","volume":"142","author":"Thomsen","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"key":"2020021222295421200_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.1994.tb03477.x","article-title":"The role of CD4+ T cells in cell-mediated immunity to LCMV: studies in MHC class I and class II deficient mice.","volume":"40","author":"Christensen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol."},{"key":"2020021222295421200_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7757","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.16.7757","article-title":"Skin test to assess virus-specific cytotoxic T-cell activity.","volume":"89","author":"Kundig","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"key":"2020021222295421200_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1947","DOI":"10.1126\/science.272.5270.1947","article-title":"Induction of bystander T cell proliferation by viruses and type I interferon in vivo.","volume":"272","author":"Tough","year":"1996","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"2020021222295421200_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/8.9.1453","article-title":"Characterization of virus-primed CD8+ T cells with a type 1 cytokine profile.","volume":"8","author":"Christensen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int Immunol."},{"key":"2020021222295421200_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80469-0","article-title":"Massive expansion of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells during an acute virus infection.","volume":"8","author":"Butz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Immunity."},{"key":"2020021222295421200_B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.187.9.1367","article-title":"A new look at T cells.","volume":"187","author":"McMichael","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Exp Med."},{"key":"2020021222295421200_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80470-7","article-title":"Counting antigen-specific CD8 T cells: a reevaluation of bystander activation during viral infection.","volume":"8","author":"Murali-Krishna","year":"1998","journal-title":"Immunity."},{"key":"2020021222295421200_B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3215","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.7.3215","article-title":"Detection of a high frequency of virus-specific CD4+ T cells during acute infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus.","volume":"161","author":"Varga","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"key":"2020021222295421200_B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4018","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.160.8.4018","article-title":"Impaired macrophage function and enhanced T cell-dependent immune response in mice lacking CCR5, the mouse homologue of the major HIV-1 coreceptor.","volume":"160","author":"Zhou","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"key":"2020021222295421200_B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1867","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.61.6.1867-1874.1987","article-title":"Mechanism of recovery from acute virus infection: treatment of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-infected mice with monoclonal antibodies reveals that Lyt-2+ T lymphocytes mediate clearance of virus and regulate the antiviral antibody response.","volume":"61","author":"Moskophidis","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Virol."},{"key":"2020021222295421200_B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17494","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.29.17494","article-title":"Cloning and differential tissue-specific expression of three mouse beta chemokine receptor-like genes, including the gene for a functional macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha receptor.","volume":"270","author":"Gao","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"key":"2020021222295421200_B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V95.4.1362.004k17_1362_1369","article-title":"Migration of activated CD8(+) T lymphocytes to sites of viral infection does not require endothelial selectins.","volume":"95","author":"Bartholdy","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"2020021222295421200_B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10304","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.22.10304-10311.2000","article-title":"Persistent virus infection despite chronic cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activation in gamma interferon-deficient mice infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus.","volume":"74","author":"Bartholdy","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Virol."},{"key":"2020021222295421200_B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2000.0640","article-title":"Host factors influencing viral persistence.","volume":"355","author":"Thomsen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci."},{"key":"2020021222295421200_B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3689","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.7.3689","article-title":"Role of CD40 ligand and CD28 in induction and maintenance of antiviral CD8+ effector T cell responses.","volume":"164","author":"Andreasen","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"key":"2020021222295421200_B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.1126\/science.272.5270.1955","article-title":"CC CKR5: a RANTES, MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta receptor as a fusion cofactor for macrophage-tropic HIV-1.","volume":"272","author":"Alkhatib","year":"1996","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"2020021222295421200_B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1038\/381661a0","article-title":"Identification of a major co-receptor for primary isolates of HIV-1.","volume":"381","author":"Deng","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"2020021222295421200_B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81313-6","article-title":"The beta-chemokine receptors CCR3 and CCR5 facilitate infection by primary HIV-1 isolates.","volume":"85","author":"Choe","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"2020021222295421200_B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1856","DOI":"10.1126\/science.273.5283.1856","article-title":"Genetic restriction of HIV-1 infection and progression to AIDS by a deletion allele of the CKR5 structural gene. Hemophilia Growth and Development Study, Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, Multicenter Hemophilia Cohort Study, San Francisco City Cohort, ALIVE Study [published erratum appears in Science 1996 Nov 15;274:1069].","volume":"273","author":"Dean","year":"1996","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"2020021222295421200_B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1038\/382722a0","article-title":"Resistance to HIV-1 infection in Caucasian individuals bearing mutant alleles of the CCR-5 chemokine receptor gene.","volume":"382","author":"Samson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"2020021222295421200_B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4642","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.9.4642","article-title":"Cutting edge: role of C-C chemokine receptor 5 in organ-specific and innate immunity to Cryptococcus neoformans.","volume":"163","author":"Huffnagle","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"key":"2020021222295421200_B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1038\/76957","article-title":"CCR5 provides a signal for microbial induced production of IL-12 by CD8\u03b1+ dendritic cells.","volume":"1","author":"Aliberti","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat Immunol."},{"key":"2020021222295421200_B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5519","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.10.5519","article-title":"Defects in the generation of IFN-gamma are overcome to control infection with Leishmania donovani in CC chemokine receptor (CCR) 5-, macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha-, or CCR2-deficient mice.","volume":"163","author":"Sato","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"key":"2020021222295421200_B62","first-page":"412","article-title":"Roles of chemokines and chemokine receptors in HIV-1 infection.","volume":"72","author":"Murakami","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Hematol."},{"key":"2020021222295421200_B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.3109\/13550289909029747","article-title":"Chemokines and the inflammatory response to viral infection in the central nervous system with a focus on lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus.","volume":"5","author":"Asensio","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurovirol."},{"key":"2020021222295421200_B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-4141(199901)29:01<291::AID-IMMU291>3.0.CO;2-K","article-title":"Distinct kinetics of cytokine production and cytolysis in effector and memory T cells after viral infection.","volume":"29","author":"Bachmann","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol."}],"container-title":["Blood"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/ashpublications.org\/blood\/article-pdf\/99\/4\/1237\/1681008\/h8040201237.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/ashpublications.org\/blood\/article-pdf\/99\/4\/1237\/1681008\/h8040201237.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,23]],"date-time":"2023-04-23T20:10:36Z","timestamp":1682280636000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ashpublications.org\/blood\/article\/99\/4\/1237\/110046\/The-role-of-CC-chemokine-receptor-5-in-antiviral"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,2,15]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,2,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood.v99.4.1237","relation":{},"ISSN":["1528-0020","0006-4971"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1528-0020","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0006-4971","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,2,15]]}}}