{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T12:17:53Z","timestamp":1793621873613,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"American Society of Hematology","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["ashpublications.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Serotonin (5-HT), a well-known neurotransmitter of the central nervous system, has been implicated in diverse aspects of immune regulation. Here we show that 5-HT can efficiently drive programmed cell death in established Burkitt lymphoma (BL) lines that remain faithful to the original biopsy phenotype (group 1). Group 1 BL cells cultured in the presence of 5-HT exhibited marked suppression of DNA synthesis that was accompanied by extensive apoptosis\u2014serotonin-driven apoptosis was complete within 24 hours, was preceded by early caspase activation, and was accompanied by a decline in mitochondrial membrane potential. BL cells that had drifted to a lymphoblastic group 3 phenotype were relatively resistant to these actions of serotonin, and the forced ectopic expression of either bcl-2 orbcl-xL provided substantial protection from 5-HT\u2013induced apoptosis. 5-HT receptor antagonists (SDZ205-557, granisetron, methysergide) failed to inhibit serotonin-induced apoptosis, whereas the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI)\u2014fluoxetine (Prozac), paroxetine (Paxil), and citalopram (Celexa)\u2014substantially blocked the monoamine actions. Western blot analysis showed that BL cells expressed protein for the 5-HT transporter, and transport assays confirmed active uptake of serotonin by the cells. Unlike what was suggested for neuronal cells, there was no evidence that intracellular oxidative metabolites were responsible for the 5-HT\u2013induced programmed death of BL cells. These data indicate that serotonin drives apoptosis in biopsylike BL cells after its entry through an active transport mechanism, and they suggest a novel therapeutic modality for Burkitt lymphoma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.v99.7.2545","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,11]],"date-time":"2002-10-11T18:33:52Z","timestamp":1034361232000},"page":"2545-2553","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood.2019cm0000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["5-Hydroxytryptamine drives apoptosis in biopsylike Burkitt lymphoma cells: reversal by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors"],"prefix":"10.1182","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Adamantios","family":"Serafeim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the MRC Centre for Immune Regulation and the Department of Pharmacology, The Medical School, University of Birmingham; the School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, United Kingdom; and the Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gillian","family":"Grafton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the MRC Centre for Immune Regulation and the Department of Pharmacology, The Medical School, University of Birmingham; the School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, United Kingdom; and the Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Chamba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the MRC Centre for Immune Regulation and the Department of Pharmacology, The Medical School, University of Birmingham; the School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, United Kingdom; and the Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher D.","family":"Gregory","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the MRC Centre for Immune Regulation and the Department of Pharmacology, The Medical School, University of Birmingham; the School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, United Kingdom; and the Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randy D.","family":"Blakely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the MRC Centre for Immune Regulation and the Department of Pharmacology, The Medical School, University of Birmingham; the School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, United Kingdom; and the Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norman G.","family":"Bowery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the MRC Centre for Immune Regulation and the Department of Pharmacology, The Medical School, University of Birmingham; the School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, United Kingdom; and the Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas M.","family":"Barnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the MRC Centre for Immune Regulation and the Department of Pharmacology, The Medical School, University of Birmingham; the School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, United Kingdom; and the Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the MRC Centre for Immune Regulation and the Department of Pharmacology, The Medical School, University of Birmingham; the School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, United Kingdom; and the Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"234","reference":[{"key":"2020021300131991900_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1006\/brbi.1998.0532","article-title":"Role of serotonin in the immune system and neuroimmune interactions.","volume":"12","author":"Mossner","year":"1998","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun."},{"key":"2020021300131991900_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2891","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.158.6.2891","article-title":"Human 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