{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T17:37:56Z","timestamp":1781977076615,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"American Society of Hematology","issue":"19","content-domain":{"domain":["ashpublications.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with immune deficiencies from cancers and associated treatments represent a growing population within the intensive care unit with increased risk of morbidity and mortality from sepsis. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are an integral part of the hematopoietic niche and express toll-like receptors, making them candidate cells to sense and translate pathogenic signals into an innate immune response. In this study, we demonstrate that MSCs administered therapeutically in a murine model of radiation-associated neutropenia have dual actions to confer a survival benefit in Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumo-sepsis that is not from improved bacterial clearance. First, MSCs augment the neutrophil response to infection, an effect that is enhanced when MSCs are preconditioned with CpG oligodeoxynucleotide, a toll-like receptor 9 agonist. Using cytometry by time of flight, we identified proliferating neutrophils (Ly6GlowKi-67+) as the main expanded cell population within the bone marrow. Further analysis revealed that CpG-MSCs expand a lineage restricted progenitor population (Lin\u2212Sca1+C-kit+CD150\u2212CD48+) in the bone marrow, which corresponded to a doubling in the myeloid proliferation and differentiation potential in response to infection compared with control. Despite increased neutrophils, no reduction in organ bacterial count was observed between experimental groups. However, the second effect exerted by CpG-MSCs is to attenuate organ damage, particularly in the lungs. Neutrophils obtained from irradiated mice and cocultured with CpG-MSCs had decreased neutrophil extracellular trap formation, which was associated with decreased citrullinated H3 staining in the lungs of mice given CpG-MSCs in vivo. Thus, this preclinical study provides evidence for the therapeutic potential of MSCs in neutropenic sepsis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020002556","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,13]],"date-time":"2020-10-13T19:57:10Z","timestamp":1602619030000},"page":"4965-4979","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood.2019cm0000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Augmenting emergency granulopoiesis with CpG conditioned mesenchymal stromal cells in murine neutropenic sepsis"],"prefix":"10.1182","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0490-208X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie","family":"Ng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2397-8629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fei","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna E.","family":"Marneth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7603-8468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sailaja","family":"Ghanta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min-Young","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Keegan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2904-4413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine,"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2816-0260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyle T.","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9910-6141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baransel","family":"Kamaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura A.","family":"Cahill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9727-8495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ann","family":"Mullally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7219-7688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark A.","family":"Perrella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine,"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6445-252X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James A.","family":"Lederer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"234","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"2020101311363343400_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","article-title":"The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3)","volume":"315","author":"Singer","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020101311363343400_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201504-0781OC","article-title":"Assessment of global incidence and mortality of hospital-treated sepsis. Current estimates and limitations","volume":"193","author":"Fleischmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2020101311363343400_B3","author":"Torio","year":"2006"},{"issue":"5","key":"2020101311363343400_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.13-2618","article-title":"Sepsis severe or septic shock: outcome according to immune status and immunodeficiency profile","volume":"146","author":"Tolsma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"11","key":"2020101311363343400_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2600","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31829a6e89","article-title":"Profile of the risk of death after septic shock in the present era: an epidemiologic study","volume":"41","author":"Pavon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020101311363343400_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000714","article-title":"Severe sepsis in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients","volume":"43","author":"Kumar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020101311363343400_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1080\/10428194.2016.1195499","article-title":"Short- and long-term outcomes of adult allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients admitted to the intensive care unit in the peritransplant period","volume":"58","author":"Mayer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"2020101311363343400_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917294","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/917294","article-title":"Outcome and prognostic indicators of patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplants admitted to the intensive care unit","volume":"2009","author":"Huynh","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Transplant"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020101311363343400_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2005.10.020","article-title":"Outcome of hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients admitted to the intensive care unit","volume":"12","author":"Kew","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"2020101311363343400_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2018.01.011","article-title":"Total body irradiation in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation conditioning regimens: a review","volume":"123","author":"Paix","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oncol Hematol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020101311363343400_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1303051","article-title":"Radiation exposure induces inflammasome pathway activation in immune cells","volume":"194","author":"Stoecklein","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2020101311363343400_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.3109\/10428190109097705","article-title":"Bone marrow stromal damage after chemo\/radiotherapy: occurrence, consequences and possibilities of treatment","volume":"42","author":"Banfi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"2020101311363343400_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00481","article-title":"Transcriptional regulation of emergency granulopoiesis in leukemia","volume":"9","author":"Hasan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2020101311363343400_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3660","article-title":"Emergency granulopoiesis","volume":"14","author":"Manz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2020101311363343400_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-07-587345","article-title":"Microbial messaging to the marrow","volume":"124","author":"Watowich","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"9","key":"2020101311363343400_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-04-570762","article-title":"Endothelial cells translate pathogen signals into G-CSF-driven emergency granulopoiesis","volume":"124","author":"Boettcher","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"12","key":"2020101311363343400_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5824","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1103253","article-title":"Cutting edge: LPS-induced emergency myelopoiesis depends on TLR4-expressing nonhematopoietic cells","volume":"188","author":"Boettcher","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2020101311363343400_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2016.12.005","article-title":"Toll-like receptors as a key regulator of mesenchymal stem cell function: an up-to-date review","volume":"315","author":"Shirjang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020101311363343400_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.4110\/in.2017.17.2.89","article-title":"Mesenchymal stromal cells and Toll-like receptor priming: a critical review","volume":"17","author":"Najar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immune Netw"},{"issue":"47","key":"2020101311363343400_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24607","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.745653","article-title":"Mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles promote myeloid-biased multipotent hematopoietic progenitor expansion via Toll-like receptor engagement [published correction appears in J Biol Chem. 2017;292(8):3541]","volume":"291","author":"Goloviznina","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020101311363343400_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1080\/14653240600855905","article-title":"Minimal criteria for defining multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. The International Society for Cellular Therapy position statement","volume":"8","author":"Dominici","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020101311363343400_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2011.02.016","article-title":"Bone marrow mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells induce monocyte emigration in response to circulating toll-like receptor ligands","volume":"34","author":"Shi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020101311363343400_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.1270","article-title":"Mesenchymal stromal cells improve survival during sepsis in the absence of heme oxygenase-1: the importance of neutrophils","volume":"31","author":"Hall","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"issue":"6","key":"2020101311363343400_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e151","DOI":"10.1097\/HS9.0000000000000151","article-title":"Mesenchymal stromal cells: role in the BM niche and in the support of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation","volume":"2","author":"Crippa","year":"2018","journal-title":"HemaSphere"},{"issue":"10","key":"2020101311363343400_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2614","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.187","article-title":"Direct evidence of mesenchymal stem cell tropism for tumor and wounding microenvironments using in vivo bioluminescent imaging","volume":"27","author":"Kidd","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"2020101311363343400_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2837","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02837","article-title":"Mesenchymal stromal cell secretome: influencing therapeutic potential by cellular pre-conditioning","volume":"9","author":"Ferreira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2020101311363343400_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2016.0349","article-title":"Effect of the microenvironment on mesenchymal stem cell paracrine signaling: opportunities to engineer the therapeutic effect","volume":"26","author":"Kusuma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dev"},{"issue":"6","key":"2020101311363343400_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L823","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00263.2019","article-title":"Lung inflammatory environments differentially alter mesenchymal stromal cell behavior","volume":"317","author":"Abreu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020101311363343400_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-019-1224-y","article-title":"Priming approaches to improve the efficacy of mesenchymal stromal cell-based therapies","volume":"10","author":"Noronha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"2020101311363343400_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2004.07.005","article-title":"CpG-DNA as immune response modifier","volume":"294","author":"Dalpke","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Med Microbiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2020101311363343400_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2007.12.004","article-title":"TLR9 as a key receptor for the recognition of DNA","volume":"60","author":"Kumagai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"issue":"10","key":"2020101311363343400_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6129","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.10.6129","article-title":"Endosomal translocation of vertebrate DNA activates dendritic cells via TLR9-dependent and -independent pathways","volume":"174","author":"Yasuda","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2020101311363343400_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4906(03)00243-6","article-title":"Differential signaling by CpG DNA in DCs and B cells: not just TLR9","volume":"24","author":"Verthelyi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"issue":"7285","key":"2020101311363343400_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08780","article-title":"Circulating mitochondrial DAMPs cause inflammatory responses to injury","volume":"464","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2020101311363343400_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9515809","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/9515809","article-title":"Low-dose ionizing radiation affects mesenchymal stem cells via extracellular oxidized cell-free DNA: a possible mediator of bystander effect and adaptive response","volume":"2017","author":"Sergeeva","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"2020101311363343400_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1186\/s12863-015-0260-6","article-title":"Host genetic diversity influences the severity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia in the Collaborative Cross mice","volume":"16","author":"Lor\u00e8","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Genet"},{"issue":"9","key":"2020101311363343400_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5319","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00543-06","article-title":"The contribution of PspC to pneumococcal virulence varies between strains and is accomplished by both complement evasion and complement-independent mechanisms","volume":"74","author":"Kerr","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"5","key":"2020101311363343400_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000001413","article-title":"Intratracheal instillation of neutrophils rescues bacterial overgrowth initiated by trauma damage-associated molecular patterns","volume":"82","author":"Itagaki","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"2020101311363343400_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6496","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.11.6496","article-title":"Intrapulmonary TNF gene therapy reverses sepsis-induced suppression of lung antibacterial host defense","volume":"165","author":"Chen","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2020101311363343400_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2832","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119475","article-title":"MCP-1 protects mice in lethal endotoxemia","volume":"99","author":"Zisman","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020101311363343400_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2444","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1001567","article-title":"A2B adenosine receptor blockade enhances macrophage-mediated bacterial phagocytosis and improves polymicrobial sepsis survival in mice","volume":"186","author":"Belikoff","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020101311363343400_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3114","article-title":"Human genetic susceptibility to infectious disease","volume":"13","author":"Chapman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"issue":"9","key":"2020101311363343400_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4193","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-019-05269-z","article-title":"Peripherally inserted central catheters in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients","volume":"28","author":"Mariggi\u00f2","year":"2020","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"issue":"7","key":"2020101311363343400_B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4289","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.7.4289-4296.2000","article-title":"CXC chemokine receptor CXCR2 is essential for protective innate host response in murine Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia","volume":"68","author":"Tsai","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"12","key":"2020101311363343400_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1948","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-07-587709","article-title":"PAD4-deficiency does not affect bacteremia in polymicrobial sepsis and ameliorates endotoxemic shock","volume":"125","author":"Martinod","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"5","key":"2020101311363343400_B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e409","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004244","article-title":"Expression of stromal cell-derived factor-1 by mesenchymal stromal cells impacts neutrophil function during sepsis","volume":"48","author":"Kwon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020101311363343400_B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2012.04560.x","article-title":"Tolerance to lipopolysaccharide promotes an enhanced neutrophil extracellular traps formation leading to a more efficient bacterial clearance in mice","volume":"168","author":"Landoni","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020101311363343400_B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2469","article-title":"Why are MSCs therapeutic? New data: new insight","volume":"217","author":"Caplan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020101311363343400_B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02981957","article-title":"Platelet-derived growth factor enhances granulopoiesis via bone marrow stromal cells","volume":"73","author":"Yang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Hematol"},{"key":"2020101311363343400_B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2018.03.011","article-title":"The impact of organ dysfunctions on mortality in patients with severe sepsis: a multicenter prospective observational study","volume":"45","author":"Kudo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"issue":"7","key":"2020101311363343400_B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1354","article-title":"C\/EBPbeta is required for \u201cemergency\u201d granulopoiesis","volume":"7","author":"Hirai","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020101311363343400_B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1097\/MOH.0000000000000201","article-title":"Sensing and translation of pathogen signals into demand-adapted myelopoiesis","volume":"23","author":"Boettcher","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Opin Hematol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2020101311363343400_B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V84.6.1737.1737","article-title":"Mice lacking granulocyte colony-stimulating factor have chronic neutropenia, granulocyte and macrophage progenitor cell deficiency, and impaired neutrophil mobilization","volume":"84","author":"Lieschke","year":"1994","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"8","key":"2020101311363343400_B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3978","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-10-119636","article-title":"IL6\/sIL6R complex contributes to emergency granulopoietic responses in G-CSF- and GM-CSF-deficient mice","volume":"111","author":"Walker","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"12","key":"2020101311363343400_B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3725","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V95.12.3725","article-title":"\u201cEmergency\u201d granulopoiesis in G-CSF-deficient mice in response to Candida albicans infection","volume":"95","author":"Basu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"12","key":"2020101311363343400_B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-10-878082","article-title":"CXCL1 regulates neutrophil homeostasis in pneumonia-derived sepsis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3","volume":"133","author":"Paudel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"9","key":"2020101311363343400_B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-002-1416-1","article-title":"Predictive value of procalcitonin and interleukin 6 in critically ill patients with suspected sepsis","volume":"28","author":"Pettil\u00e4","year":"2002","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"2020101311363343400_B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2344","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200007000-00028","article-title":"Plasma granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor levels in critical illness including sepsis and septic shock: relation to disease severity, multiple organ dysfunction, and mortality","volume":"28","author":"Presneill","year":"2000","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020101311363343400_B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.2730","article-title":"Inflammation-stimulated mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles attenuate inflammation","volume":"36","author":"Harting","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020101311363343400_B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.1905","article-title":"Bone marrow stromal cells attenuate sepsis via prostaglandin E(2)-dependent reprogramming of host macrophages to increase their interleukin-10 production [published correction appears in Nat Med. 2009;14(4):462]","volume":"15","author":"N\u00e9meth","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020101311363343400_B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exphem.2006.10.015","article-title":"Human mesenchymal stem cells improve ex vivo expansion of adult human CD34+ peripheral blood progenitor cells and decrease their allostimulatory capacity","volume":"35","author":"Li","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp Hematol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2020101311363343400_B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000000039","article-title":"A perspective on mesenchymal stromal cell transplantation in the treatment of sepsis","volume":"40","author":"Kusadasi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Shock"},{"issue":"23","key":"2020101311363343400_B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"Abstract 2220","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V126.23.2220.2220","article-title":"The results of the Russian clinical trial of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in severe neutropenic patients (pts) with septic shock (SS) (RUMCESS trial)","volume":"126","author":"Galstian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood."},{"issue":"4","key":"2020101311363343400_B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1505","article-title":"Devastation of adult stem cell pools by irradiation precedes collapse of trabecular bone quality and quantity","volume":"27","author":"Green","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2020101311363343400_B65","first-page":"1319","article-title":"Hematopoietic stem cell compartment: acute and late effects of radiation therapy and chemotherapy","volume-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys","author":"Mauch","year":"1995"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020101311363343400_B66","first-page":"1659","article-title":"DNA fragments in the blood plasma of cancer patients: quantitations and evidence for their origin from apoptotic and necrotic cells","volume":"61","author":"Jahr","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"2020101311363343400_B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5272","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00546-06","article-title":"Extensive genomic plasticity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa revealed by identification and distribution studies of novel genes among clinical isolates","volume":"74","author":"Shen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020101311363343400_B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.74.2.940-946.2006","article-title":"Activation of toll-like receptor 9 by DNA from different bacterial species","volume":"74","author":"Dalpke","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"16","key":"2020101311363343400_B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2010.05.024","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 9 ligands enhance mesenchymal stem cell invasion and expression of matrix metalloprotease-13","volume":"316","author":"Nurmenniemi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"2020101311363343400_B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2861","DOI":"10.1039\/C9BM00242A","article-title":"In vivo migration of Fe3O4@polydopamine nanoparticle-labeled mesenchymal stem cells to burn injury sites and their therapeutic effects in a rat model","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomater Sci"},{"key":"2020101311363343400_B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0032323","article-title":"Immunomodulation by colony-stimulating factors","volume":"136","author":"Hartung","year":"1999","journal-title":"Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020101311363343400_B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80334-9","article-title":"Role of IL-6 and its soluble receptor in induction of chemokines and leukocyte recruitment","volume":"6","author":"Romano","year":"1997","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2020101311363343400_B73","first-page":"2280","article-title":"Structure-function analysis of human IL-6: identification of two distinct regions that are important for receptor binding","volume-title":"Protein Sci","author":"Hammacher","year":"1994"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020101311363343400_B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI39942","article-title":"Cardiac mast cells cause atrial fibrillation through PDGF-A-mediated fibrosis in pressure-overloaded mouse hearts","volume":"120","author":"Liao","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"9","key":"2020101311363343400_B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2393","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.2417","article-title":"Suppression of neutrophil-mediated tissue damage-a novel skill of mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"34","author":"Jiang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"issue":"12","key":"2020101311363343400_B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1236","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001999","article-title":"Carbon monoxide improves efficacy of mesenchymal stromal cells during sepsis by production of specialized proresolving lipid mediators","volume":"44","author":"Tsoyi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020101311363343400_B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1500244","article-title":"Human mesenchymal stem (stromal) cells promote the resolution of acute lung injury in part through lipoxin A4","volume":"195","author":"Fang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2020101311363343400_B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.13112","article-title":"Neutrophil dysregulation during sepsis: an overview and update","volume":"21","author":"Shen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020101311363343400_B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2006.01.056","article-title":"An endonuclease allows Streptococcus pneumoniae to escape from neutrophil extracellular traps","volume":"16","author":"Beiter","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020101311363343400_B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98178","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.98178","article-title":"Maladaptive role of neutrophil extracellular traps in pathogen-induced lung injury","volume":"3","author":"Lefran\u00e7ais","year":"2018","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"issue":"28","key":"2020101311363343400_B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3199","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.62.3488","article-title":"Recommendations for the use of WBC growth factors: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline Update","volume":"33","author":"Smith","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020101311363343400_B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1667\/RR15363.1","article-title":"Use of growth factors and other cytokines for treatment of injuries during a radiation public health emergency","volume":"192","author":"DiCarlo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiat Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020101311363343400_B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1667\/RR15383.1","article-title":"Use of growth factors and cytokines to treat injuries resulting from a radiation public health emergency","volume":"192","author":"Horta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiat Res"},{"key":"2020101311363343400_B84","author":"Strategic National Stockpile (SNS)"},{"issue":"10","key":"2020101311363343400_B85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e47559","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047559","article-title":"Safety of cell therapy with mesenchymal stromal cells (SafeCell): a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials","volume":"7","author":"Lalu","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"9624","key":"2020101311363343400_B86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60690-X","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of steroid-resistant, severe, acute graft-versus-host disease: a phase II study","volume":"371","author":"Le Blanc","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["Blood Advances"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/ashpublications.org\/bloodadvances\/article-pdf\/4\/19\/4965\/1761647\/advancesadv2020002556.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/ashpublications.org\/bloodadvances\/article-pdf\/4\/19\/4965\/1761647\/advancesadv2020002556.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,8]],"date-time":"2021-04-08T16:15:01Z","timestamp":1617898501000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ashpublications.org\/bloodadvances\/article\/4\/19\/4965\/464333\/Augmenting-emergency-granulopoiesis-with-CpG"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,13]]},"references-count":86,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020002556","relation":{},"ISSN":["2473-9529","2473-9537"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2473-9529","type":"print"},{"value":"2473-9537","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,13]]}}}