{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T21:48:54Z","timestamp":1791582534792,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Society of Hematology","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["ashpublications.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), a premalignant condition, is associated with various chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases (RDs) and is frequently observed as an incidental finding during routine work-up. The association of MGUS and chronic RDs is well established, but the impact of RDs on the risk of transformation into overt multiple myeloma (MM) has not been evaluated so far. MGUS patients diagnosed between January 2000 and August 2016 were identified and screened for concomitant RDs. RDs were grouped into antibody (Ab)-mediated RDs and non-Ab\u2013mediated RDs (polymyalgia rheumatica, large-vessel giant cell arteritis, spondyloarthritis, and gout). Progression to MM was defined as a categorical (yes\/no) or continuous time-dependent (time to progression) variable. Of 2935 MGUS patients, 255 (9%) had a concomitant RD. MGUS patients diagnosed with non-Ab\u2013mediated RDs had a doubled risk of progression compared with those without a concomitant RD (hazard ratio, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.1-3.9; P = .02). These data translate into a 5-year risk of progression of 4% in MGUS patients without rheumatologic comorbidity, 10% in those with concomitant non-Ab\u2013mediated RDS, and 2% in those with Ab-mediated RDs. By using the complex risk stratification model that includes myeloma protein (M-protein) concentration, immunoglobulin type, and level of free light chain ratio as variables, patients with non-Ab\u2013mediated RDs (n = 57) had the highest risk for progression (hazard ratio, 6.8; 95% CI, 1.5-30.7; P = .01) compared with patients with Ab-mediated RDs (n = 77). Chronic inflammatory diseases have an impact on the risk of MGUS progressing into overt MM, with a doubled risk of transformation observed in patients with non-Ab\u2013mediated RDs. Future research can elucidate whether comorbidities such as RDs should be included in currently applied prognostic MGUS scores.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020003193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]],"date-time":"2021-03-22T11:36:32Z","timestamp":1616412992000},"page":"1746-1754","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood.2019cm0000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Rheumatologic diseases impact the risk of progression of MGUS to overt multiple myeloma"],"prefix":"10.1182","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Normann","family":"Steiner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine V, Haematology and Medical Oncology, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georg","family":"G\u00f6bel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Health Economics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Michaeler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna-Luise","family":"Platz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine V, Haematology and Medical Oncology, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Prokop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnosis, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna Maria","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Pneumology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominik","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine V, Haematology and Medical Oncology, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3137-8834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina","family":"Duftner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Pneumology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1327-2921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eberhard","family":"Gunsilius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine V, Haematology and Medical Oncology, 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