{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:11:50Z","timestamp":1790813510014,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Society of Hematology","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["ashpublications.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>In the United States, COVID-19 has disproportionately affected Black persons. Sickle cell disease (SCD) and sickle cell trait (SCT) are genetic conditions that occur predominantly among Black individuals. It is unknown if individuals with SCD\/SCT are at higher risk of severe COVID-19 illness compared with Black individuals who do not have SCD\/SCT. The objective of our study was to compare COVID-19 outcomes, including the disease manifestations, hospitalization, and death, among individuals with SCD\/SCT vs Black individuals who do not have SCD\/SCT. We leveraged electronic health record data from a multisite research network to identify Black patients with COVID-19 who have SCD\/SCT and those who do not have SCD\/SCT. During the study period of 20 January 2020 to 20 September 2020, there were 312 patients with COVID-19 and SCD and 449 patients with COVID-19 and SCT. There were 45\u2009517 Black persons who were diagnosed with COVID-19 but who did not have SCD\/SCT. After 1:1 propensity score matching (based on age, sex, and other preexisting comorbidities), patients with COVID-19 and SCD remained at a higher risk of hospitalization (relative risk [RR], 2.0; 95% CI, 1.5-2.7) and development of pneumonia (RR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.6-3.4) and pain (RR, 3.4; 95% CI, 2.5-4.8) compared with Black persons without SCD\/SCT. The case fatality rates for those with SCD compared with Black persons without SCD\/SCT were not significantly different. There also were no significant differences in COVID-19 outcomes between individuals with SCT and Black persons without SCD\/SCT within the matched cohorts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020003741","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T15:56:54Z","timestamp":1617292614000},"page":"1915-1921","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood.2019cm0000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["COVID-19 in individuals with sickle cell disease\/trait compared with other Black individuals"],"prefix":"10.1182","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1270-8132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashima","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9396-0470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda M.","family":"Brandow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; and"},{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3570-9864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie A.","family":"Panepinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; and"},{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"234","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022040120094542300_B1","author":"Johns Hopkins University of Medicine, Coronavirus Resource Center"},{"issue":"26","key":"2022040120094542300_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2534","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa2011686","article-title":"Hospitalization and mortality among Black 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