{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,12]],"date-time":"2026-11-12T08:55:00Z","timestamp":1794473700513,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Society of Hematology","issue":"15","content-domain":{"domain":["ashpublications.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anakinra is increasingly used for corticosteroid-refractory and\/or severe immune effector cell\u2013associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) following chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy; however, robust data on its efficacy and predictors of response are lacking. We evaluated the outcomes of 101 patients treated with anakinra for ICANS (corticosteroid-refractory, n = 90) and investigated factors associated with anakinra efficacy. The median time to ICANS resolution from anakinra initiation was 8 days, and the 28-day cumulative incidences of ICANS resolution and treatment-related mortality (TRM) were 86% and 13%, respectively. Anakinra treatment failure occurred in 28%. The day +28 antitumor response rate was 91% (complete response, 47%). Significant neurologic improvement (SNI; \u22652-grade improvement in ICANS) occurred in 43% of patients within 72 hours after anakinra initiation. Achieving 72-hour SNI was associated with faster time to ICANS resolution (median, 3 vs 9 days; P&amp;lt; .001) and hospital discharge (28-day cumulative incidence, 93% vs 53%; P&amp;lt; .001), lower 2-week cumulative exposure to dexamethasone (120 vs 190 mg; P = .029) and anakinra (3650 vs 6600 mg; P = .059), lower TRM (28-day cumulative incidence, 0% vs 21%; P = .011), and a trend toward superior overall survival (28 days, 98% vs 74%; P = .094). In multivariable analysis, older age, CAR T-cell product type, and higher day 0 C-reactive protein were independently associated with lower odds of 72-hour SNI. Our study benchmarks key clinical outcomes after anakinra treatment for ICANS; 72-hour SNI may provide a practical clinical decision point to identify patients who may require additional treatment strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2026020103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T15:32:54Z","timestamp":1785425574000},"page":"5264-5275","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood.2019cm0000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Early neurologic response predicts outcomes after anakinra for immune effector cell\u2013associated neurotoxicity syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1182","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5790-4770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily C.","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA"},{"name":"2Division of Hematology and 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