{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T12:43:46Z","timestamp":1790772226279,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Society of Hematology","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["ashpublications.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Outcomes for infants diagnosed under 1 year of age with KMT2A-rearranged acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have remained stagnant over the past 20 years. Successive treatment protocols have previously focused on intensification of conventional chemotherapy, but increased treatment-related toxicity and chemoresistance have led to a plateau in survival. We have now entered an era of immunotherapy with integration of agents, such as blinatumomab or chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, into the standard chemotherapy backbone, showing significant promise for improving the dismal outcomes for this disease. There remains much optimism for the future as a wealth of preclinical studies have identified additional novel targeted agents, such as venetoclax or menin inhibitors, ready for incorporation into treatment, providing further ammunition to combat this aggressive disease. In contrast, infants with KMT2A-germline ALL have demonstrated excellent survival outcomes with current therapy, but there remains a high burden of treatment-related morbidity. Greater understanding of the underlying blast genetics for infants with KMT2A-germline ALL and incorporation of immunotherapeutic approaches may enable a reduction in the intensity of chemotherapy while maintaining the excellent outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1182\/hematology.2022000359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]],"date-time":"2022-12-09T16:14:16Z","timestamp":1670602456000},"page":"611-617","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood.2019cm0000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Updates in infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia and the potential for targeted therapy"],"prefix":"10.1182","volume":"2022","author":[{"given":"Rishi S.","family":"Kotecha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1 Department of Clinical Haematology, Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia"},{"name":"2 Leukaemia Translational Research Laboratory, Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia"},{"name":"3 Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"234","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"16","key":"2022120916101009100_hem2022000359C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1400972","article-title":"Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children","volume":"373","author":"Hunger","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022120916101009100_hem2022000359C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e200","DOI":"10.1038\/bcj.2014.17","article-title":"The evolution of clinical trials for infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"4","author":"Kotecha","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood Cancer 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