{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T12:03:58Z","timestamp":1772366638068,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Society of Hematology","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["ashpublications.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clinical disease caused by BK virus reactivation is a frequent complication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Because of the lack of effective antiviral agents, BK virus\u2013specific T cells are emerging as a potential therapy for BK virus disease, but the immune response to BK virus after allogeneic HCT has not been well characterized. Our study describes reconstitution of BK virus\u2013specific T-cell immunity in 77 adult patients after HCT. All patients had urinary symptoms, and urine was tested for BK virus replication; 33 patients were positive for BK virus (cases), and 44 were negative (controls). In BK virus cases, the median time to first positive test was 75 days (range, 2-511). BK virus cases had lower CD4 T-cell counts 3 to 9 months after transplant, but CD8 T-cell counts were similar in cases and controls. BK virus\u2013specific T cells were identified by cytokine flow cytometry in cryopreserved samples collected prospectively. BK virus\u2013specific CD4 T cells producing T helper 1 (Th1) cytokines recovered quickly after HCT. BK virus\u2013specific T cells were detected more frequently in patients with BK virus reactivation at most time points, and CD4 T cells producing Th1 cytokines were more frequent than BK virus\u2013specific cytolytic CD8 T cells. Early detection of interferon-\u03b3+ and cytolytic BK virus\u2013specific CD4 T cells was associated with lower rates of hematuria among cases. Overall, our study describes recovery of BK virus\u2013specific T cells after HCT and the distinct roles for BK virus\u2013specific T cells in the development and resolution of clinical symptoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2019001120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,6]],"date-time":"2020-05-06T20:45:26Z","timestamp":1588797926000},"page":"1881-1893","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood.2019cm0000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["BK virus\u2013specific T-cell immune reconstitution after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation"],"prefix":"10.1182","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5713-3440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Espada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;"},{"name":"Instituto de Medicina Molecular Jo\u00e3o Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal;"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4867-2063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew P.","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;"}]},{"given":"Haesook T.","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; and"}]},{"given":"Ann E.","family":"Woolley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;"}]},{"given":"Jason I.","family":"Avigan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;"}]},{"given":"Edouard","family":"Forcade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, University Hospital, Bordeaux, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6492-2931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria V. D.","family":"Soares","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Medicina Molecular Jo\u00e3o Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal;"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o F.","family":"Lacerda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Medicina Molecular Jo\u00e3o Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal;"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Nikiforow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;"}]},{"given":"Mahasweta","family":"Gooptu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;"}]},{"given":"Rizwan","family":"Romee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;"}]},{"given":"Edwin P.","family":"Alyea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Armand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;"}]},{"given":"Corey S.","family":"Cutler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;"}]},{"given":"Vincent T.","family":"Ho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Koreth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;"}]},{"given":"Joseph H.","family":"Antin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Soiffer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;"}]},{"given":"Francisco M.","family":"Marty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5526-4669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jerome","family":"Ritz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 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