{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T12:51:41Z","timestamp":1770814301111,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Respir J"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Altered transforming growth factor (TGF)-\u03b2 expression levels have been linked to a variety of human respiratory diseases, including bronchopulmonary dysplasia and pulmonary fibrosis. However, a causative role for aberrant TGF-\u03b2 in neonatal lung diseases has not been defined in primates.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Exogenous and transient TGF-\u03b21 overexpression in fetal monkey lung was achieved by transabdominal ultrasound-guided fetal intrapulmonary injection of adenoviral vector expressing TGF-\u03b21 at the second or third trimester of pregnancy. The lungs were then harvested near term, and fixed for histology and immunohistochemistry.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Lung hypoplasia was observed where TGF-\u03b21 was overexpressed during the second trimester. The most clearly marked phenotype consisted of severe pulmonary and pleural fibrosis, which was independent of the gestational time point when TGF-\u03b21 was overexpressed. Increased cell proliferation, particularly in \u03b1-smooth muscle actin-positive myofibroblasts, was detected within the fibrotic foci. But epithelium to mesenchyme transdifferentiation was not detected. Massive collagen fibres were deposited on the inner and outer sides of the pleural membrane, with an intact elastin layer in the middle. This induced fibrotic pathology persisted even after adenoviral-mediated TGF-\u03b21 overexpression was no longer evident.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Therefore, overexpression of TGF-\u03b21 within developing fetal monkey lung results in severe and progressive fibrosis in lung parenchyma and pleural membrane, in addition to pulmonary hypoplasia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00011810","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,30]],"date-time":"2010-03-30T03:05:45Z","timestamp":1269918345000},"page":"907-914","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Overexpression of transforming growth factor-\u03b21 in fetal monkey lung results in prenatal pulmonary fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"A.F.","family":"Tarantal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.T.","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C-H.","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.B.","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Buckley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Kolb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Gauldie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Warburton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024102020140781000_36.4.907.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4773(99)00325-1","article-title":"The molecular basis of lung morphogenesis","volume":"92","author":"Warburton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mech Dev"},{"key":"2024102020140781000_36.4.907.2","unstructured":"Fannuchi MV Plopper CG . 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