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We evaluated the effects of dexamethasone on monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH in rats for potential reversal of PAH at late time-points.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Saline-treated control, MCT-exposed, MCT-exposed and dexamethasone-treated rats (5 mg\u00b7kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u00b7day<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, 1.25 mg\u00b7kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>and 2.5 mg\u00b7kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u00b748 h<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) were evaluated at day 28 and day 35 following MCT for haemodynamic parameters, right ventricular hypertrophy, morphometry, immunohistochemistry, and<jats:italic>IL6<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>BMPR2<\/jats:italic>expression.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Dexamethasone improved haemodynamics and pulmonary vascular remodelling, preventing PAH development at early (day 1\u201314 and 1\u201328) and reversing PAH at late (day 14\u201328 and 21\u201335) time-points following MCT, as well as improving survival in MCT-exposed rats compared with controls. Both MCT-induced pulmonary<jats:italic>IL6<\/jats:italic>overexpression and interleukin (IL)-6-expressing adventitial inflammatory cell infiltration were reduced with dexamethasone. This was associated with pulmonary<jats:italic>BMPR2<\/jats:italic>downregulation following MCT, which was increased with dexamethasone, in whole lung and control pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Dexamethasone also reduced proliferation of rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Experimental PAH can be prevented and reversed by dexamethasone, and survival is improved. In this model, mechanisms may involve reduction of IL-6-expressing inflammatory cells, restoration of pulmonary<jats:italic>BMPR2<\/jats:italic>expression and reduced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00028310","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,7]],"date-time":"2010-08-07T00:47:32Z","timestamp":1281142052000},"page":"813-822","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["Dexamethasone reverses monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"L.C.","family":"Price","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Montani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Tcherakian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Dorfm\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Gambaryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M-C.","family":"Chaumais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.M.","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Simonneau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.S.","family":"Howard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.M.","family":"Adcock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.J.","family":"Wort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Humbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Perros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024102020242443000_37.4.813.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra040291"},{"key":"2024102020242443000_37.4.813.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2004.02.033"},{"key":"2024102020242443000_37.4.813.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.03.00038903"},{"key":"2024102020242443000_37.4.813.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2006.11.022"},{"key":"2024102020242443000_37.4.813.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.165.4.2012112"},{"key":"2024102020242443000_37.4.813.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200610-1559OC"},{"key":"2024102020242443000_37.4.813.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2106007"},{"key":"2024102020242443000_37.4.813.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.151.5.7735624"},{"key":"2024102020242443000_37.4.813.9","first-page":"126","article-title":"Monocrotaline induces interleukin-6 mRNA expression in rat lungs","volume":"1","author":"Bhargava","year":"1999","journal-title":"Heart Dis"},{"key":"2024102020242443000_37.4.813.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-187-42632"},{"key":"2024102020242443000_37.4.813.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00112105"},{"key":"2024102020242443000_37.4.813.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00045705"},{"key":"2024102020242443000_37.4.813.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.04.026"},{"key":"2024102020242443000_37.4.813.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00133904"},{"key":"2024102020242443000_37.4.813.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.130.1.182"},{"key":"2024102020242443000_37.4.813.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23303"},{"key":"2024102020242443000_37.4.813.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.2.2006093"},{"key":"2024102020242443000_37.4.813.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0610467104"},{"key":"2024102020242443000_37.4.813.19","first-page":"298","article-title":"Effect of methylprednisolone on monocrotaline-induced pulmonary vascular disease and right ventricular hypertrophy","volume":"52","author":"Langleben","year":"1985","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"2024102020242443000_37.4.813.20","first-page":"41","article-title":"Experimental study on monocrotaline induced pulmonary hypertensive rats. 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