{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T03:11:26Z","timestamp":1790046686494,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Respir J"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Traffic-related air pollution is associated with adverse respiratory effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether exposure to air pollution in a road tunnel causes airway inflammatory and blood coagulation responses.<\/jats:p><jats:p>A total of 16 healthy subjects underwent bronchoscopy with bronchial mucosal biopsies and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) on two occasions, in random order: once at 14\u2005h after a 2-h exposure to air pollution in a busy road tunnel, and once after a control day with subjects exposed to urban air during normal activities. Peripheral blood was sampled prior to bronchoscopy.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The road tunnel exposures included particulate matter with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter of 2.5\u2005\u03bcm, particulate matter with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter of 10\u2005\u03bcm and nitrogen dioxide which had median concentrations of 64, 176 and 230\u2005\u00b5g\u00b7m<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>, respectively. Significantly higher numbers of BAL fluid total cell number, lymphocytes and alveolar macrophages were present after road tunnel exposure<jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic>control. Significantly higher nuclear expression of the transcription factor component c-Jun was found in the bronchial epithelium after exposure. No upregulation of adhesion molecules or cellular infiltration was present and blood coagulation factors were unaffected.<\/jats:p><jats:p>In conclusion, exposure of healthy subjects to traffic-related air pollution resulted in a lower airway inflammatory response with cell migration, together with signs of an initiated signal transduction in the bronchial epithelium.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00035706","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,25]],"date-time":"2007-01-25T05:45:01Z","timestamp":1169703901000},"page":"699-705","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Road tunnel air pollution induces bronchoalveolar inflammation in healthy subjects"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"B-M.","family":"Larsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Sehlstedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Grunewald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. 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