{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T02:52:07Z","timestamp":1789527127219,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["publications.ersnet.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur Respir J"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Household crowding can place young children at risk for respiratory infections which subsequently provoke asthma symptoms. However, crowding might also protect against asthma, in accordance with the hygiene hypothesis. We tested if parent\u2013infant bed-sharing, an important dimension of household crowding, increases or decreases the risk for asthma.<\/jats:p><jats:p>In a population-based prospective cohort (N = 6160) we assessed bed-sharing at 2 and 24 months; wheezing between 1 and 6 years of age; and asthma at 6 years of age. Generalised estimating equation models were used to assess repeated measures of wheezing and asthma.<\/jats:p><jats:p>We found no association between bed-sharing in early infancy and wheezing or diagnosis of asthma. By contrast, we found a positive association between bed-sharing in toddlerhood and both wheezing (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.15\u20131.74) and asthma (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.03\u20132.38). Wheezing was not associated with bed-sharing when using cross-lagged modelling.<\/jats:p><jats:p>This study suggests that bed-sharing in toddlerhood is associated with an increased risk of asthma at later ages, and not<jats:italic>vice versa<\/jats:italic>. Further studies are needed to explore the underlying causal mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00041714","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,12]],"date-time":"2014-12-12T01:26:18Z","timestamp":1418347578000},"page":"661-669","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Is parent\u2013child bed-sharing a risk for wheezing and asthma in early childhood?"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Maartje P.C.M.","family":"Luijk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnes M.M.","family":"Sonnenschein-van der Voort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viara R.","family":"Mileva-Seitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pauline W.","family":"Jansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank C.","family":"Verhulst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Hofman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent W.V.","family":"Jaddoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan C.","family":"de Jongste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marinus H.","family":"van IJzendoorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liesbeth","family":"Duijts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henning","family":"Tiemeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024102023130787000_45.3.661.1","first-page":"15","article-title":"Household characteristics of children under 2 years admitted with lower respiratory tract infection in Counties Manukau, South Auckland","volume":"125","author":"Trenholme","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"key":"2024102023130787000_45.3.661.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3325\/cmj.2013.54.110"},{"key":"2024102023130787000_45.3.661.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2008000600023"},{"key":"2024102023130787000_45.3.661.4","first-page":"180","article-title":"The magnitude of mortality from acute respiratory infections in children under 5 years in developing countries","volume":"45","author":"Garenne","year":"1992","journal-title":"World Health Stat Q"},{"key":"2024102023130787000_45.3.661.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Simoes EA . 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