{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T10:05:47Z","timestamp":1791194747065,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Respir J"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The current authors evaluated whether a system of co-cultures of relevant cells (pneumocytes (A549), macrophages (THP-1), mast cells (HMC-1) and endothelial cells (EAHY926)) would mimic the responses to particles with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter of 10\u2005\u03bcm (PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>) previously reported<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. The role of mast cells was considered of special interest.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Single cultures, bicultures (A549 + HMC-1 in a 10:1 ratio; THP-1 + HMC-1 in a 2:1 ratio) and tricultures (A549 + THP-1 + HMC-1 in a 10:2:1 ratio) were exposed to urban PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>(24\u2005h at 0, 10, 30 or 100\u2005\u00b5g\u00b7cm<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>). Additionally, EAHY926 cells were introduced in inserts above the tricultures. The released cytokines were evaluated with a fluorescence-activated cell sorter array system.<\/jats:p><jats:p>THP-1 + HMC-1 bicultures and the tricultures released more granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1\u03b2, interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2, IL-8, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor-\u03b1 and MIP-1\u03b1 in response to PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>than the sum of the single cultures. Tricultures with EAHY926 released more G-CSF, MIP-1\u03b1, IL-8 and MIP-1\u03b2 than the EAHY926 single culture.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The bicultures, tricultures and tricultures with EAHY926 provide results that are consistent with the local and systemic effects previously described for particulate matter effects,<jats:italic>i.e.<\/jats:italic>inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and bone marrow cell mobilisation. Mast cells seem to play a significant role in the co-culture responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00044008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,25]],"date-time":"2008-07-25T00:44:43Z","timestamp":1216946683000},"page":"1184-1194","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":153,"title":["Co-cultures of multiple cell types mimic pulmonary cell communication in response to urban PM<sub>10<\/sub>"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"E.","family":"Alfaro-Moreno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. S.","family":"Nawrot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. M.","family":"Vanaudenaerde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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