{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T08:21:10Z","timestamp":1774340470368,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Respir J"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis (TB) poses significant management challenges as there are limited pharmacological treatment options for cure. Adjunctive resectional lung surgery decreases case-fatality rates for some patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), but its use has not been well documented for patients with XDR-TB.<\/jats:p><jats:p>We describe 17 XDR-TB patients treated with surgery as part of their case management in Latvia during 1999\u20132005. One patient had no previous TB treatment history, 10 were previously treated for drug-susceptible TB and six were previously treated for MDR-TB.<jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>isolates from the 17 patients were resistant to a mean of 9.2 drugs. Due to failure of pharmacological therapy, one due to a large cavity and one due to pulmonary haemorrhage, 15 patients were treated with surgery. Despite failure of pharmacological treatment in 15 out of 17 patients, eight (47%) were cured with adjunctive surgical treatment. Surgery should be explored as a possible treatment option for patients with XDR-TB.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00047208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,30]],"date-time":"2009-06-30T16:32:16Z","timestamp":1246379536000},"page":"180-183","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Adjunctive resectional lung surgery for extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis: Table 1\u2014"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"G.","family":"Dravniece","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K. P.","family":"Cain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T. 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