{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T08:58:47Z","timestamp":1792659527846,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["publications.ersnet.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur Respir J"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The forced oscillation technique can identify expiratory flow limitation (EFL) when a large difference in inspiratory and expiratory reactance (\u0394<jats:italic>X<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>rs<\/jats:sub>) occurs. However, flow limitation can vary from breath to breath, and so we compared a multiple-breath \u0394<jats:italic>X<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>rs<\/jats:sub>approach to the traditional breath-by-breath assessment of EFL. We investigated the within- and between-day reproducibility and the factors that affect the size of \u0394<jats:italic>X<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>rs<\/jats:sub>when used as a continuous measurement over multiple breaths. In addition, we examined how multiple-breath \u0394<jats:italic>X<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>rs<\/jats:sub>relates to the sensation of breathlessness.<\/jats:p><jats:p>425 moderate to very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and 229 controls were included. Spirometry and impedance measurements were performed on a MasterScope CT Impulse Oscillation System.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Median \u0394<jats:italic>X<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>rs<\/jats:sub>approached zero in healthy controls with little variation between measurements. COPD patients generally had higher \u0394<jats:italic>X<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>rs<\/jats:sub>and higher variability. The COPD patients with \u0394<jats:italic>X<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>rs<\/jats:sub>&gt;0.1 kPa\u00b7L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u00b7s<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>were prone to be more breathless and had a higher modified Medical Research Council dyspnoea scale score. In controls, the 95th percentile of \u0394<jats:italic>X<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>rs<\/jats:sub>was as low as 0.07 kPa\u00b7L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u00b7s<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>.<\/jats:p><jats:p>We describe a new method to assess EFL at a patient level and propose a cut-off, mean \u0394<jats:italic>X<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>rs<\/jats:sub>&gt;0.1 kPa\u00b7L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u00b7s<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, as a way to identify COPD patients who are more likely to report dyspnoea.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00051214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,31]],"date-time":"2014-10-31T05:09:14Z","timestamp":1414732154000},"page":"625-634","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Variability of within-breath reactance in COPD patients and its association with dyspnoea"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Bernt 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