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These associations suggest that asthma, independently of maternal smoking, increases the risk of these adverse perinatal outcomes. Maternal smoking was itself associated with an increased risk of a number of poor neonatal outcomes, with a dose\u2013response relationship observed. Notably, maternal asthma combined with cigarette smoking significantly increased the risk of preterm birth and urinary tract infections to a greater degree than with either exposure alone.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Maternal asthma and cigarette smoking during pregnancy are both independently associated with adverse perinatal outcomes and, combined, compound the risk of preterm birth and urinary tract infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00054913","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,31]],"date-time":"2013-07-31T07:34:22Z","timestamp":1375256062000},"page":"704-716","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Perinatal outcomes following maternal asthma and cigarette smoking during pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Nicolette A.","family":"Hodyl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Stark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wendy","family":"Scheil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luke E.","family":"Grzeskowiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vicki L.","family":"Clifton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024102021465283000_43.3.704.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2004.00526.x"},{"key":"2024102021465283000_43.3.704.2","first-page":"548","article-title":"The public health implications of asthma","volume":"83","author":"Bousquet","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"2024102021465283000_43.3.704.3","unstructured":"Australian Centre for Asthma Monitoring. 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