{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T23:22:35Z","timestamp":1789946555748,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Respir J"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The calibre of the upper airway is thought to be dependant upon its passive anatomy\/collapsibility and the activation of pharyngeal dilator muscles. During awake periods, the more collapsible upper airway in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) increases the dilator muscle activity through a negative-pressure reflex.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    A direct correlation between the critical closing pressure (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>crit<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), as a measure of anatomy\/collapsability and electromyogram (EMG) activity of genioglossus EMG (GG-EMG) and tensor palatini EMG (TP-EMG), was hypothesised. The relationship between these indices and pharyngeal resistance (\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>phar<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) was also examined.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The study involved eight males with a mean age of 48 (interquartile range 46\u201352) yrs with OSA, and an apnoea\/hypopnoea index of 75 (65\u2013101)\u00b7hr\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    on two nights breathing normally and on nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP). The\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>crit<\/jats:sub>\n                    was measured during nonrapid eye movement sleep on nCPAP using brief, incremental reductions in mask pressure. GG-EMG and TP-EMG were measured breath-by-breath, awake, during sleep onset and on nCPAP.\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>phar<\/jats:sub>\n                    was measured using airway pressures and flow.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Wakeful GG-EMG, early sleep TP-EMG and the sleep decrement in TP-EMG were directly related to\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>crit<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Muscle activation was negatively correlated with\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>phar<\/jats:sub>\n                    for TP-EMG awake and GG-EMG early in sleep.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>In conclusion these results confirm that dilator muscle activation is directly related to airway narrowing and reduces resistance across patients with obstructive sleep apnoea.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00063406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,26]],"date-time":"2007-04-26T01:33:57Z","timestamp":1177551237000},"page":"345-353","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Upper airway collapsibility, dilator muscle activation and resistance in sleep apnoea"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Pierce","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Malhotra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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