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In routine clinical practice, the present authors evaluated the performance of a commercially available<jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>(MTB)-specific enzyme-linked immunospot assay on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and pleural effusion mononuclear cells (PEMCs) in patients with suspect plTB.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The T-SPOT.<jats:italic>TB<\/jats:italic>test (Oxford Immunotec Ltd, Abingdon, UK) was performed on PBMCs and PEMCs in 20 patients with a clinical and radiological suspect of plTB and in 21 control subjects with a diagnosis of PE of nontuberculous origin at four centres participating in the European Tuberculosis Network.<\/jats:p><jats:p>In total, 18 (90%) out of 20 patients with plTB tested T-SPOT.<jats:italic>TB<\/jats:italic>-positive on PBMCs and 19 (95%) out of 20 on PEMCs. Among controls, T-SPOT.<jats:italic>TB<\/jats:italic>was positive in seven out of 21 (33%) patients when performed on PBMCs (these patients were assumed to be latently infected with MTB) and five (23%) out of 21 when performed on PEMCs. Sensitivity and specificity of T-SPOT.<jats:italic>TB<\/jats:italic>for the diagnosis of active plTB when performed on PEMCs were 95 and 76%, respectively.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Enumerating<jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>-specific T-cells in pleural effusion mononuclear cells by ELISPOT is feasible in routine clinical practice and may be useful for a rapid and accurate diagnosis of pleural tuberculosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00067307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,23]],"date-time":"2007-08-23T00:24:41Z","timestamp":1187828681000},"page":"1173-1179","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":127,"title":["Use of a T-cell interferon-\u03b3 release assay for the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Losi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Bossink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Codecasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Jafari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Ernst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Thijsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Cirillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Ferrarese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"U.","family":"Greinert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L. 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