{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T20:31:30Z","timestamp":1790973090761,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Respir J"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Reduced translation of<jats:italic>CEBPA<\/jats:italic>mRNA has been associated with increased proliferation of bronchial smooth muscle (BSM) cells of asthma patients.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Here, we assessed the effect of house dust mite (HDM) extracts on the cell proliferation ([<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>H]-thymidine incorporation), inflammation (interleukin (IL)-6 release) and upstream translation regulatory proteins of CCAAT\/enhancer-binding protein (C\/EBP)\u03b1 in human BSM cells of healthy controls and asthmatic patients.<\/jats:p><jats:p>HDM extract significantly increased IL-6 protein and proliferation of BSM cells of asthma patients only. HDM extract reduced the C\/EBP\u03b1 expression in BSM cells of asthma patients, which coincided with significantly increased levels of calreticulin (CRT) protein, an inhibitor of<jats:italic>CEBPA<\/jats:italic>mRNA translation. HDM extract elicited both protease-dependent and -independent responses, which were mediated<jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic>protease-activated receptor (PAR)2 and CRT, respectively.<\/jats:p><jats:p>In conclusion, HDM extract reduced<jats:italic>CEBPA<\/jats:italic>mRNA translation, specifically in asthmatic BSM cells, and 1) upregulated CRT, 2) activated PAR2, and increased 3) IL-6 expression and 4) the proliferation of asthmatic BSM cells. Hence, HDM exposure contributes to inflammation and remodelling by a nonimmune cell-mediated mechanism<jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic>a direct interaction with BSM cells. These findings may potentially explain several pathological features of this disease, in particular BSM cell hyperplasia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00068010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,26]],"date-time":"2010-11-26T01:55:03Z","timestamp":1290736503000},"page":"50-58","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["House dust mite extract downregulates C\/EBP\u03b1 in asthmatic bronchial smooth muscle 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