{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T18:47:39Z","timestamp":1792608459355,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["publications.ersnet.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur Respir J"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Riociguat is a soluble, guanylate cyclase stimulator, approved for pulmonary arterial hypertension. In the 12-week PATENT-1 study, riociguat was well tolerated and improved several clinically relevant end-points in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension who were treatment na\u00efve or had been pretreated with endothelin-receptor antagonists or prostanoids. The PATENT-2 open-label extension evaluated the long-term safety and efficacy of riociguat.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Eligible patients from the PATENT-1 study received riociguat individually adjusted up to a maximum dose of 2.5\u2005mg three times daily. The primary objective was to assess the safety and tolerability of riociguat; exploratory efficacy assessments included 6-min walking distance and World Health Organization (WHO) functional class.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Overall, 396 patients entered the PATENT-2 study and 324 (82%) were ongoing at this interim analysis (March 2013). The safety profile of riociguat in PATENT-2 was similar to that observed in PATENT-1, with cases of haemoptysis and pulmonary haemorrhage also being observed in PATENT-2. Improvements in the patients', 6-min walking distance and WHO functional class observed in PATENT-1 persisted for up to 1\u2005year in PATENT-2. In the observed population at the 1-year time point, mean\u00b1\n                    <jats:sc>sd<\/jats:sc>\n                    6-min walking distance had changed by 51\u00b174\u2005m and WHO functional class had improved in 33%, stabilised in 61% and worsened in 6% of the patients\n                    <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic>\n                    the PATENT-1 baseline.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Long-term riociguat was well tolerated in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension, and led to sustained improvements in exercise capacity and functional capacity for up to 1\u2005year.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00090614","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,22]],"date-time":"2015-01-22T23:28:11Z","timestamp":1421969291000},"page":"1303-1313","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":202,"title":["Riociguat for the treatment of pulmonary arterial 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