{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T10:54:04Z","timestamp":1769165644521,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Respir J"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The value and timing of multidimensional assessments in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains unclear because there is little information about their variability and relationship to outcome. The aim of this study was to determine the progression of COPD using clinical and spirometric variability over time with mortality as the outcome.<\/jats:p><jats:p>We determined the annual intra-individual variability of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>) and BODE (body mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnoea, exercise capacity) index in 403 patients with at least five measurements. The pattern was defined as \u201cstable\u201d if the annual change remained constant in \u226566% of the observations and \u201cunstable\u201d if it did not meet that threshold. We explored the minimum number of yearly observations that related to mortality in the 704 patients of the cohort.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The \u201cunstable\u201d pattern of FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>was seen in 53% and 40% of patients using a threshold of 40 mL\u00b7year<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>and 100 mL\u00b7year<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, respectively. There was a slightly more \u201cstable\u201d pattern in the BODE index (62% for 1 point). A profile associated with mortality was defined by a baseline measurement followed by annual measurements for 2 years of the BODE index, but not its individual components, including FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>(p&lt;0.001).<\/jats:p><jats:p>Progression of COPD measured using FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>is inconsistent and relates poorly to outcome. Monitoring the more stable BODE index better assesses disease progression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00096913","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,27]],"date-time":"2013-09-27T01:29:37Z","timestamp":1380245377000},"page":"745-753","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Longitudinal assessment in COPD patients: multidimensional variability and outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Ciro","family":"Casanova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Armando","family":"Aguirre-Ja\u00edme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan P.","family":"de 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