{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:18:58Z","timestamp":1788221938593,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Respir J"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We hypothesised that the oedema fluid-to-plasma protein (EF\/PL) ratio, a noninvasive measure of alveolar capillary membrane permeability, can accurately determine the aetiology of acute pulmonary oedema.<\/jats:p><jats:p>390 mechanically ventilated patients with acute pulmonary oedema were enrolled. A clinical diagnosis of acute lung injury (ALI), cardiogenic pulmonary oedema or a mixed aetiology was based on expert medical record review at the end of hospitalisation. The EF\/PL ratio was measured from pulmonary oedema fluid and plasma samples collected at intubation.<\/jats:p><jats:p>209 patients had a clinical diagnosis of ALI, 147 had a diagnosis of cardiogenic pulmonary oedema and 34 had a mixed aetiology. The EF\/PL ratio had an area under the receiver-operating curve of 0.84 for differentiating ALI from cardiogenic pulmonary oedema. Using a predefined cut-off of 0.65, the EF\/PL ratio had a sensitivity of 81% and a specificity of 81% for the diagnosis of ALI. An EF\/PL ratio \u22650.65 was also associated with significantly higher mortality and fewer ventilator-free days.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Noninvasive measurement of the EF\/PL ratio is a safe and reliable bedside method for rapidly determining the aetiology of acute pulmonary oedema that can be used at the bedside in both developed and developing countries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00098709","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,10]],"date-time":"2009-09-10T00:56:09Z","timestamp":1252544169000},"page":"331-337","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Determining the aetiology of pulmonary oedema by the oedema fluid-to-plasma protein ratio"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"L. B.","family":"Ware","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. D.","family":"Fremont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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