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The aim of this systematic review is to clarify associations between SEP and the prevalence of asthma and allergies. Out of 4407 records identified, 183 were included in the analysis. Low SEP was associated with a higher prevalence of asthma in 63% of the studies. Research on allergies, however, showed a positive association between higher SEP and illness in 66% of studies. Pooled estimates for the odds ratio of disease for the highest compared with the lowest SEP confirmed these results for asthma (unadjusted OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.37\u20131.39), allergies in general (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.62\u20130.72), atopic dermatitis (unadjusted OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.61\u20130.83) and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (unadjusted OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.46\u20130.59). Sensitivity analyses with a subsample of high-quality studies led to the same conclusion. 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