{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T06:51:04Z","timestamp":1793947864172,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"5","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001322","name":"South African Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000061","name":"Fogarty International Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Fogarty International Clinical Research Fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Fogarty International Clinical Research Fellowship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000061","name":"Fogarty International Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SATBAT"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SATBAT"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001713","name":"European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001713","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["publications.ersnet.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur Respir J"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The test-specific incidence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in healthcare workers from sub-Saharan Africa is unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>505 healthcare workers from South Africa were screened at baseline, and after 12\u2005months, with a questionnaire, the tuberculin skin test (TST), and two T-cell assays (T-SPOT.TB and QuantiFERON-TB Gold-In-Tube). Test-specific conversion rates were calculated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The prevalence of presumed LTBI at baseline was 84, 69 and 62% using the TST, QuantiFERON-TB Gold-In-Tube and T-SPOT.TB, respectively. The annual test-specific conversion rate, depending on the cut-off point used, was as follows: TST 38%; QuantiFERON-TB Gold-In-Tube 13\u201322%; and T-SPOT.TB 18\u201322%. Annual reversion rates were 4, 7 and 16%, respectively. The annual TST conversion rate was significantly higher than that derived from published local community-based data (IRR 3.53, 95% CI 1.81\u20136.88). Factors associated with conversion (any test) included healthcare sector of employment, counselling of tuberculosis patients, and a baseline positive TST (for T-SPOT.TB).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The annual rate of tuberculosis infection in South African healthcare workers was very high, irrespective of the testing method used, and may be explained by occupational exposure, as the rate was considerably higher than non-healthcare workers from the same community. Collectively, these data support the need for implementation of tuberculosis-specific infection control measures in Africa.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00138414","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,21]],"date-time":"2015-02-21T00:31:08Z","timestamp":1424478668000},"page":"1364-1373","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/ers-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Incidence of occupational latent tuberculosis infection in South African healthcare workers"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Shahieda","family":"Adams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodney","family":"Ehrlich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roslynn","family":"Baatjies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard N.","family":"van Zyl-Smit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qonita","family":"Said-Hartley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodney","family":"Dawson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keertan","family":"Dheda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024102023191063000_45.5.1364.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0026199"},{"key":"2024102023191063000_45.5.1364.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1703.100947"},{"key":"2024102023191063000_45.5.1364.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030494"},{"key":"2024102023191063000_45.5.1364.4","first-page":"593","article-title":"Risk of tuberculosis infection and disease associated with work in health care settings","volume":"11","author":"Menzies","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"2024102023191063000_45.5.1364.5","first-page":"1363","article-title":"Nosocomial transmission of tuberculosis to health care workers in Mpumalanga","volume":"88","author":"Balt","year":"1998","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"2024102023191063000_45.5.1364.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(98)90889-6"},{"key":"2024102023191063000_45.5.1364.7","first-page":"676","article-title":"TB in health care workers in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa","volume":"10","author":"Naidoo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"2024102023191063000_45.5.1364.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-153-8-201010190-00008"},{"key":"2024102023191063000_45.5.1364.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2010.02590.x"},{"key":"2024102023191063000_45.5.1364.10","unstructured":"South Africa. Dept. of Health (1994-). Human Resources for Health South Africa: HRH Strategy for the Health Sector, 201213\\2013 201617. Pretoria, Dept of Health, 2011."},{"key":"2024102023191063000_45.5.1364.11","unstructured":"World Health Organization. International Labour Organization. Joint WHO\/ILO policy guidelines on improving health worker access to prevention, treatment and care services for HIV and TB. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2010."},{"key":"2024102023191063000_45.5.1364.12","unstructured":"Zungu M , Malotle M . Do we know enough to prevent occupationally acquired tuberculosis in health care workers. Occup Health S Afr 2011: 17\u201321."},{"key":"2024102023191063000_45.5.1364.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0255-0857.16585"},{"key":"2024102023191063000_45.5.1364.14","first-page":"1","article-title":"Updated guidelines for using interferon gamma release assays to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection - United States, 2010","volume":"59","author":"Mazurek","year":"2010","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"2024102023191063000_45.5.1364.15","unstructured":"National Collaborating Centre for Chronic Conditions (UK). Centre for Clinical Practice at NICE (UK). Tuberculosis: Clinical Diagnosis and Management of Tuberculosis, and Measures for Its Prevention and Control. 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