{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:28:37Z","timestamp":1760189317450,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Respir J"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Sustained hypoxia is a dominant feature of respiratory disease. Despite the clinical significance, the effects of sustained hypoxia on the form and function of respiratory muscle during development are relatively underexplored.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Wistar rats were exposed to 1 week of sustained hypoxia (ambient pressure 450 mmHg) or normoxia at various time points during development. Sternohyoid and diaphragm muscle contractile and endurance properties were assessed<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. Muscle succinate dehydrogenase and myosin heavy chain composition were determined. The role of reactive oxygen species in hypoxia-induced muscle remodelling was assessed.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Sustained hypoxia increased sternohyoid muscle force and fatigue in early but not late development, effects that persisted after return to normoxia. Hypoxia-induced sternohyoid muscle fatigue was not attributable to fibre type transitions or to a decrease in oxidative capacity. Chronic supplementation with the superoxide scavenger tempol did not prevent hypoxia-induced sternohyoid muscle fatigue, suggesting that mechanisms unrelated to oxidative stress underpin hypoxia-induced maladaptation in sternohyoid muscle. Sustained hypoxia had no effect on diaphragm muscle fatigue.<\/jats:p><jats:p>We conclude that there are critical windows during development for hypoxia-induced airway dilator muscle maladaptation. Sustained hypoxia-induced impairment of upper airway muscle endurance may persist into later life. Upper airway muscle dysfunction could have deleterious consequences for the control of pharyngeal airway calibre<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00139512","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,14]],"date-time":"2013-06-14T05:33:17Z","timestamp":1371187997000},"page":"1149-1158","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Effects of sustained hypoxia on sternohyoid and diaphragm muscle during development"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Jayne C.","family":"Carberry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clodagh","family":"McMorrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aidan","family":"Bradford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James F.X.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ken D.","family":"O\u2019Halloran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,13]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"2024102021413842000_43.4.1149.1","DOI":"10.1113\/eph8702377"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"2024102021413842000_43.4.1149.2","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(85)90057-X"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"2024102021413842000_43.4.1149.3","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00272.2009"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"2024102021413842000_43.4.1149.4","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1024847"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"2024102021413842000_43.4.1149.5","DOI":"10.2114\/ahs1983.12.363"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"2024102021413842000_43.4.1149.6","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02253829"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"2024102021413842000_43.4.1149.7","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1024846"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"2024102021413842000_43.4.1149.8","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1991.tb09176.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"2024102021413842000_43.4.1149.9","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00079810"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"2024102021413842000_43.4.1149.10","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-011-1057-8"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"2024102021413842000_43.4.1149.11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathophys.2003.09.003"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"2024102021413842000_43.4.1149.12","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1681.2003.03874.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"2024102021413842000_43.4.1149.13","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00713495"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"2024102021413842000_43.4.1149.14","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-004-1370-6"},{"key":"2024102021413842000_43.4.1149.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.932140","article-title":"Chronic hypobaric hypoxia increases isolated rat fast-twitch and slow-twitch limb muscle force and fatigue","volume":"61","author":"El-Khoury","year":"2012","journal-title":"Physiol Res"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"2024102021413842000_43.4.1149.16","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2006.05.003"},{"key":"2024102021413842000_43.4.1149.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02312960","article-title":"Developmental delay in infants with congenital heart disease. 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