{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T23:55:01Z","timestamp":1794095701140,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Respir J"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The cystic fibrosis (CF) lung environment is poorly defined, but data suggest that bacteria may encounter reduced oxygen tensions and possibly an anaerobic environment.<jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>produces the potent toxin cyanide under strictly microaerobic conditions. Evidence of bacterial cyanogenesis in the CF lung was investigated in the present study by measuring sputum cyanide concentrations.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Sputum cyanide was measured in seven stable CF patients, as well as before and after intravenous antibiotic therapy during a hospital admission in a further eight patients experiencing acute exacerbations. All patients were chronically infected with<jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>. Comparative sputum data were obtained from nine CF patients with no documented<jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>infection and 10 healthy, nonsmoking normal controls.<\/jats:p><jats:p>High levels of cyanide were detected in all the<jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>-infected stable CF patients (median (range) 0.56 (0.37\u20132.81)\u2005\u03bcg\u00b7mL<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>), and in seven out of eight acute sputum samples (0.73 (0\u20131.43)\u2005\u03bcg\u00b7mL<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>). In contrast, cyanide was not detectable in sputum from eight out of nine CF patients without<jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>infection or in any of the normal controls. Intravenous antibiotic treatment significantly reduced sputum cyanide levels (median 0.73 to median 0.0\u2005\u00b5g\u00b7mL<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>).<\/jats:p><jats:p>The cyanide detected indicates that the cystic fibrosis lung provides a predominantly microaerobic environment for<jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>. Cyanide is likely to be a potentially important virulence factor in<jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>-infected cystic fibrosis patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00152407","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,15]],"date-time":"2008-05-15T00:34:58Z","timestamp":1210811698000},"page":"329-333","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Bacterial cyanogenesis occurs in the cystic fibrosis lung"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"K.","family":"Sanderson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Wescombe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. 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