{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T22:33:19Z","timestamp":1781303599248,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":183,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Respir J"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The connective tissue disorders (CTDs), also called collagen vascular diseases (CVDs), represent a heterogeneous group of immunologically mediated inflammatory disorders with a large variety of affected organs. Individuals with a CTD (rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome, polymyositis\/dermatomyositis and mixed connective tissue disease) are susceptible to respiratory involvement. When the lungs are affected, an increasing mortality and morbidity in CVDs occurs. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is established as a clinical corollary across the spectrum of CTDs, with an overall incidence estimated at 15%.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Therefore, pivotal clinical dilemmas remain in the evaluation and management of ILD involvement in CVDs. Critical questions are the presence of fibrosis and whether the disease is clinically significant. Moreover, the clinician has to decide if treatment is warranted and which is the best therapeutic approach. The use of additional tests, such as pulmonary function tests, high-resolution computed tomography scan, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and surgical lung biopsy, deserves better discussion. The present review focuses on establishing the diagnosis of ILD in CTD, and on evaluating disease activity and prognosis. This will provide the basis for therapeutic decisions that will be discussed, including an overview of recent advances.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00152607","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,31]],"date-time":"2009-03-31T17:38:23Z","timestamp":1238521103000},"page":"882-896","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":132,"title":["Pivotal clinical dilemmas in collagen vascular diseases associated with interstitial lung involvement: Table 1\u2014"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"K. M.","family":"Antoniou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Margaritopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Economidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. M.","family":"Siafakas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2005.00761.x"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.165.2.ats01"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mcp.0000239552.55326.ee","volume":"12","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200702-220OC"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408370490905325"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20878"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.127.6.2019"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-004-0527-0"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780391014"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2321030174"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.11","first-page":"69s","volume":"32","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.12","first-page":"10","volume":"19","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200703-045MS"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-199911000-00021"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200607-912OC"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2004.07.001"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-005-0028-9"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/40.9.1022"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.56.8.622"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.20","first-page":"795","volume":"85","year":"1992","journal-title":"Q J Med"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.61.6.517"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.85.1.69"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.108.1.109"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.24","first-page":"170","volume":"18","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200302-219OC"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/33.2.118"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.54.10.815"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.57.2.187"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-005-1158-x"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-004-0472-y"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-003-2026-1"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.32","first-page":"41","volume":"72","year":"2005","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/41.3.262"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.34","first-page":"450","volume":"133","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.45.8.591"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-985664"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-5231(05)70109-X"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.38","first-page":"243","volume":"18","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-0172(87)90021-7"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.40","first-page":"1164","volume":"14","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780401016","volume":"40","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9260(05)80161-8"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.54.1.17"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.7.2010120","volume":"164","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.53.7.434"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/140.4.1089","volume":"140","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)90628-9"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.48","first-page":"1789","volume":"33","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2003.013052"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.50","first-page":"23","volume":"25","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200011303432201"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.329.7477.1266"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002281-200405000-00007"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2002.17.2.270","volume":"17","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.55","first-page":"2163","volume":"22","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/39.12.1422"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-200203000-00004"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-200203000-00005"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keg033"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780340405","volume":"34","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.149.6.8004317"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2106012"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.60.3.281"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.64","first-page":"121","volume":"19","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(89)80608-4","volume":"87","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.130.4.976"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.34.1164"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.68","first-page":"1229","volume":"40","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10775"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.120.1.93"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2004.022244"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200404-571OC"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2005.03.007"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-985611"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2322031223"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.76","first-page":"1789","volume":"33","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(90)90425-D"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.154.2.8756813"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.79","first-page":"947","volume":"132","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-002-0005-1"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.150.2.8049830"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.157.5.9609096","volume":"157","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22696"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa055120"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200705-655OC"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.1.9903014","volume":"162","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.87","first-page":"1112","volume":"31","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.62.2.97"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.105.2.489"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199809)41:9<1613::AID-ART11>3.0.CO;2-O"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10589"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200702-326OC"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/0961203303lu1028oa"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.94","first-page":"298","volume":"29","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.95","first-page":"731","volume":"29","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.96","first-page":"2371","volume":"29","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22204"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-196505000-00001"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-92-2-212"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.100","first-page":"8","volume":"24","year":"1997","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.154.3.8810621"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-5231(05)70110-6"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.103","first-page":"709","volume":"59","year":"2000","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200403-417OC"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.173.1.10397102","volume":"173","year":"1999","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol."},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2004.01896.x"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-002-0204-0"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.61.6.554"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.130.5.1489"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/18937619"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780301104","volume":"30","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.92.6.1025"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.113","first-page":"574","volume":"133","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)05157-0"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.115","first-page":"2230","volume":"28","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.116","first-page":"1336","volume":"25","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199905000-00001"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2003.006122"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10794"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.120","unstructured":"Hirakata M, Nakamura K, Kaburaki J, et al. : Interstitial lung disease in patients with connective tissue diseases.:: Nihon Kyobu Shikkan Gakkai Zasshi 1995;33: Suppl., 268\u2013276."},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.46.1.23"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-0172(88)90032-7"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.123","first-page":"102","volume":"14","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.124","first-page":"1182","volume":"16","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.125","first-page":"1921","volume":"23","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002281-200011000-00005"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1016\/S0248-8663(01)00473-8","volume":"22","year":"2001","journal-title":"Rev Med Interne"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/sarh.2002.50012"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/141.3.727"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2007.02.017"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197502132920706"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197502202920807"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.41.1135"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.134","unstructured":"Frazer RS, Muller NL, Colman N, et al. International pneumonitis in association with polymyositis and dermatomyositis. In: Fraser R, Muller N, Colman N, Pare P, eds. Diagnosis Of Diseases Of The Chest. London, Saunders, 1999; pp.\u20051462\u20131465"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1097\/00005382-199203000-00006","volume":"7","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Thor Imaging"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0720-048X(03)00094-9"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.123.4.1096"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.210.2.r99ja15333","volume":"210","year":"1999","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.169.1.9207505","volume":"169","year":"1997","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.03.00026703"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s100670200104"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199402000-00003","volume":"18","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh723"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.03.00026703"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-5231(05)70106-4"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/41.11.1268"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.59.4.257"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deng J, Keane MP, Lynch III JP. Pulmonary complications of polymyositis and dermatomyositis. In: Wells AU, Denton CP, eds. Pulmonary Involvement in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases. London, Elsevier, 2004; pp.\u2005209\u2013226","DOI":"10.1016\/S1571-5078(04)02011-2"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10053"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.150","unstructured":"King TE Jr, Cherniack RM, Schwarz MI. The lungs and connective tissue diseases. In: Murray JF, Nadel JA, eds. Textbook Of Respiratory Medicine. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1994; pp.\u20051850\u20131872"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199805000-00005"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.152","first-page":"1725","volume":"40","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arhritis Rheum"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199905000-00003"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-5231(05)70108-8"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.166.2.8553934","volume":"166","year":"1996","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.196.3.7644652","volume":"196","year":"1995","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.157","first-page":"507","volume":"15","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.rti.0000099464.94973.51"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/096120339500400217"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.2002.17.3.198","volume":"17","year":"2002","journal-title":"Korean J Intern Med"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.161","first-page":"2254","volume":"24","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.35.341","volume":"35","year":"1996","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.102.4.1171"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.164","first-page":"546","volume":"11","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/85.5.552","volume":"85","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-79-1-37"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-0172(90)90094-V"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.168","first-page":"479","volume":"16","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(92)90194-G"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-198411000-00002","volume":"63","year":"1984","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/S0049-0172(05)80022-8","volume":"23","year":"1993","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(72)90064-2"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.173","unstructured":"Kasukawa R, Sharp GC. Mixed Connective Tissue Diseases and Antinuclear Antibodies. Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1987"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/0961203306lu2283rr"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-5231(05)70113-1"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005382-200104000-00005"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.177","unstructured":"Tojo T, Ogasawara T, Aotsuka S, Yokohari R. Major Causes of Death and Five Year Survival Rates in Mixed Connective Tissue Disease. 1990 Annual Report of the Research Committee of Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare for Mixed Connective Tissue Disease. Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare, 1991; pp.\u200510\u201313"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.178","first-page":"258","volume":"25","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ryumachi"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.179","unstructured":"Kaburaki J, Lee CC, Ogasawara T, Okano H, Tojo T. Clinical study of progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) patients with poor prognosis. Annual Report of the Ministry of Health and Welfare Scleroderma Research Committee 1998. Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare, 1998; pp.\u2005314\u2013318"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.180","first-page":"2105","volume":"24","year":"1981","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.181","unstructured":"Miyawaki S, Onodera H, Kasukawa R, Nishimaki T. Multicenter study on therapy and prognosis of mixed connective tissue disease. In: Kasukawa R, ed. Proceedings of the Symposium on Therapy, Disease Type and Pulmonary Hypertension of Mixed Connective Tissue Disease. Research Committee of the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare for Mixed Connective Tissue Disease, 1991; pp.\u200526\u201335"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002281-200311000-00011"},{"key":"2024101813370049000_33.4.882.183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0b013e3283126985"}],"container-title":["European Respiratory Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1183\/09031936.00152607","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]],"date-time":"2025-02-24T06:25:39Z","timestamp":1740378339000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publications.ersnet.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1183\/09031936.00152607"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,31]]},"references-count":183,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1183\/09031936.00152607"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/09031936.00152607","relation":{},"ISSN":["0903-1936","1399-3003"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0903-1936","type":"print"},{"value":"1399-3003","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,31]]}}}