{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T07:50:53Z","timestamp":1790495453477,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Respir J"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>There is evidence to suggest sex differences exists in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) clinical expression. We investigated sex differences in health status perception, dyspnoea and physical activity, and factors that explain these differences using an epidemiological sample of subjects with and without COPD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>PLATINO is a cross-sectional, population-based study. We defined COPD as post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s\/forced vital capacity ratio &lt;0.70, and evaluated health status perception (Short Form (SF)-12 questionnaire) and dyspnoea (Medical Research Council scale).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Among 5,314 subjects, 759 (362 females) had COPD and 4,555 (2,850 females) did not. In general, females reported more dyspnoea and physical limitation than males. 54% of females without COPD reported a dyspnoea score \u22652\n                    <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic>\n                    35% of males. A similar trend was observed in females with COPD (63%\n                    <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic>\n                    44%). In the entire study population, female sex was a factor explaining dyspnoea (OR 1.60, 95%CI 1.40\u20131.84) and SF-12 physical score (OR -1.13, 95%CI -1.56\u2013 -0.71). 40% of females\n                    <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic>\n                    28% of males without COPD reported their general health status as fair-to-poor. Females with COPD showed a similar trend (41%\n                    <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic>\n                    34%). Distribution of COPD severity was similar between sexes, but currently smoking females had more severe COPD than currently smoking males.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>There are important sex differences in the impact that COPD has on the perception of dyspnoea, health status and physical activity limitation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00165409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,8]],"date-time":"2010-04-08T20:31:56Z","timestamp":1270758716000},"page":"1034-1041","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":103,"title":["Sex-related differences in COPD in five Latin American cities: the PLATINO study"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"M.V.","family":"Lopez Varela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Montes de Oca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.J.","family":"Halbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Mui\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Perez-Padilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"T\u00e1lamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.R.B.","family":"Jardim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Valdivia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Pertuz\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.M.B.","family":"Menezes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024102020165156000_36.5.1034.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200703-456SO"},{"key":"2024102020165156000_36.5.1034.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67632-5"},{"key":"2024102020165156000_36.5.1034.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.06.00124605"},{"key":"2024102020165156000_36.5.1034.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200612-1749OC"},{"key":"2024102020165156000_36.5.1034.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61377-4"},{"key":"2024102020165156000_36.5.1034.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200701-001FM"},{"key":"2024102020165156000_36.5.1034.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/143.6.1224","article-title":"Increased susceptibility to lung dysfunction in female smokers","volume":"143","author":"Chen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2024102020165156000_36.5.1034.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.54.12.917"},{"key":"2024102020165156000_36.5.1034.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.03.00053202","article-title":"Sex differences in lung vulnerability to tobacco smoking","volume":"21","author":"Langhammer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2024102020165156000_36.5.1034.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200507-1057OC"},{"key":"2024102020165156000_36.5.1034.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00096108"},{"key":"2024102020165156000_36.5.1034.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200901-0047OC"},{"key":"2024102020165156000_36.5.1034.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-0134"},{"key":"2024102020165156000_36.5.1034.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200606-828OC"},{"key":"2024102020165156000_36.5.1034.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00063198-200403000-00003"},{"key":"2024102020165156000_36.5.1034.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.128.4.2012"},{"key":"2024102020165156000_36.5.1034.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/145.2_Pt_1.301","article-title":"The Lung Health Study: airway responsiveness to inhaled methacholine in smokers with mild to moderate airflow limitation. 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