{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T02:57:17Z","timestamp":1785207437118,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Respir J"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We aimed to determine whether shotgun proteomic approaches could be used to identify tuberculosis (TB)-specific biomarkers in the urine of well-characterised patients with active TB<jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic>no TB.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Patients with suspected TB (n=63) were classified as: definite TB (<jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>positive culture, n=21); presumed latent-TB infection (LTBI) (<jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>negative culture, no radiological features of active TB, a positive QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-IT) test and a positive T-SPOT.TB test, n=24); and presumed non-TB\/non-LTBI (<jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>negative culture, no radiological features of active TB, a negative QFT-IT test and a negative T-SPOT.TB test, n=18). Urine proteins, in the range of 3\u201350 kDa, were collected, separated by a one-dimensional SDS-PAGE gel and digested using trypsin, after which high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to identify the urinary proteome.<\/jats:p><jats:p>10 mycobacterial proteins were observed exclusively in the urine of definite TB patients, while six mycobacterial proteins were found exclusively in the urine of presumed LTBI patients. In addition, a gene ontology enrichment analysis identified a panel of 20 human proteins that were significant discriminators (p&lt;0.05) for TB disease compared to no TB disease. Furthermore, seven common human proteins were differentially over- or under-expressed in the TB<jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic>the non-TB group.<\/jats:p><jats:p>These biomarkers hold promise for the development of new point-of-care diagnostics for TB.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00175113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,18]],"date-time":"2014-04-18T04:59:08Z","timestamp":1397797148000},"page":"1719-1729","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["The identification of tuberculosis biomarkers in human urine samples"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Brandy L.","family":"Young","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zandile","family":"Mlamla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Putuma P.","family":"Gqamana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salome","family":"Smit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teri","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Peter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grant","family":"Theron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ureshnie","family":"Govender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keertan","family":"Dheda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Blackburn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024102022450135000_43.6.1719.1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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