{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T02:27:35Z","timestamp":1775010455433,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Respir J"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of our study was to examine the associations of breastfeeding duration and exclusiveness with the risks of asthma-related symptoms in preschool children, and to explore whether these associations are explained by atopic or infectious mechanisms.<\/jats:p><jats:p>This study was embedded in a population-based prospective cohort study of 5,368 children. Information on breastfeeding duration, exclusiveness and asthma-related symptoms, including wheezing, shortness of breath, dry cough and persistent phlegm, was obtained by questionnaires.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Compared with children who were breastfed for 6 months, those who were never breastfed had overall increased risks of wheezing, shortness of breath, dry cough and persistent phlegm during the first 4 yrs (OR 1.44 (95% CI 1.24\u20131.66), 1.26 (1.07\u20131.48), 1.25 (1.08\u20131.44) and 1.57 (1.29\u20131.91), respectively). Similar associations were observed for exclusive breastfeeding. The strongest associations per symptom per year were observed for wheezing at 1 and 2 yrs. Additionally adjusted analyses showed that the associations of breastfeeding with asthma-related symptoms were not explained by eczema but partly by lower respiratory tract infections.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Shorter duration and nonexclusivity of breastfeeding were associated with increased risks of asthma-related symptoms in preschool children. These associations seemed, at least partly, to be explained by infectious, but not by atopic, mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00178110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,22]],"date-time":"2011-07-22T00:25:14Z","timestamp":1311294314000},"page":"81-89","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Duration and exclusiveness of breastfeeding and childhood asthma-related symptoms"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"A.M.M.","family":"Sonnenschein-van der Voort","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V.W.V.","family":"Jaddoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.J.P.","family":"van der Valk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.P.","family":"Willemsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Hofman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.A.","family":"Moll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.C.","family":"de Jongste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Duijts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024102020460907000_39.1.81.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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