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Bacterial persistence at 8\u2005weeks was still higher (not significantly) in the placebo arm (five (25%) out of 20<jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic>one (5%) out of 20; p\u200a=\u200a0.18). The frequencies of acquisition of a new PPM were high and similar in both treatment groups; consequently, the prevalence of colonisation at 8\u2005weeks was also similar between treatment arms. No difference was found in the number of patients with exacerbations during the 5-month follow-up. Only the acquisition of a new PPM during follow-up showed a statistically significant relationship with occurrence of an exacerbation.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Moxifloxacin was effective in eradicating PPMs in patients with positive sputum cultures. However, most patients were recolonised after 8\u2005weeks of follow-up. 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