{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T11:30:05Z","timestamp":1783078205356,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Respir J"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of the present study was to determine the role of previous non-tuberculous mycobacteria sensitisation in children as a factor of discordant results between tuberculin skin test (TST) and an<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>T-cell based assay (T-SPOT.TB; Oxford Immunotec, Oxford, UK).<\/jats:p><jats:p>We enrolled 21 non-bacille Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin-vaccinated paediatric patients for suspicious of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). These patients yielded a positive TST and a negative T-SPOT.TB. Cells were stimulated with<jats:italic>Mycobacterium avium<\/jats:italic>sensitin (having cross-reaction with<jats:italic>Mycobacterium intracellulare<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Mycobacterium scrofulaceum<\/jats:italic>) and the presence of reactive T-cells was determined by an<jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>ELISPOT.<\/jats:p><jats:p>From the 21 patients, in 10 cases (47.6%), we obtained a positive ELISPOT result after stimulation with<jats:italic>M. avium<\/jats:italic>sensitin, in six (28.6%) cases, the result was negative and in the remaining five (23.8%) cases, the result was indeterminate.<\/jats:p><jats:p>In conclusion, previous non-tuberculous mycobacteria sensitisation induces false-positive results in the TST for diagnosing LTBI and the use of \u03b3-interferon tests could avoid unnecessary chemoprophylaxis treatment among a child 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