{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T01:58:16Z","timestamp":1770688696990,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Respir J"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Regulation of specific immune responses following exposure to<jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>in humans and the role of regulatory T (Treg) cells in the immune control of latent infection with<jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>are incompletely understood.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Latent infection was assayed by an interferon-\u03b3 release assay (IGRA) in healthcare workers regularly exposed to tuberculosis (TB) patients and in household TB contacts in Germany. Immunophenotypes of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) mononuclear cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were analysed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting.<\/jats:p><jats:p>All TB contacts with latent infection (n=15) had increased (p&lt;0.0001) frequencies of CD4+ CD25+ CD127- Treg cells (median 2.12%, interquartile range (IQR) 1.63\u20133.01%) among BAL mononuclear cells compared with contacts (n=25) with negative IGRA results (median 0.68%, IQR 0.32\u20130.96%) No differences were seen when PBMC immunophenotypes of IGRA+ and IGRA- TB contacts were compared (IGRA+ median 9.6%, IQR 5.9\u201310.1%; IGRA- median 7.7%, IQR 4.6\u201311.3%; p=0.47). Five out of 25 contacts with negative blood IGRAs showed a positive IGRA from BAL cells, possibly indicating a limited local immune response.<\/jats:p><jats:p>In Germany, latent infection with<jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>, as defined by a positive<jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>-specific IGRA response on cells from the peripheral blood, is characterised by an increased frequency of Treg cells in the BAL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00214611","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,23]],"date-time":"2012-03-23T15:37:43Z","timestamp":1332517063000},"page":"1450-1457","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Increased frequencies of pulmonary regulatory T-cells in latent<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/i>infection"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Christian","family":"Herzmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Ernst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Ehlers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steffen","family":"Stenger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeroen","family":"Maertzdorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Sotgiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Lange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024102021054147000_40.6.1450.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-0903","article-title":"Neutrophils are the predominant infected phagocytic cells in the airways of patients with active pulmonary TB","volume":"137","author":"Eum","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2024102021054147000_40.6.1450.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2009.06.004"},{"key":"2024102021054147000_40.6.1450.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0903175"},{"key":"2024102021054147000_40.6.1450.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20071367"},{"key":"2024102021054147000_40.6.1450.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0801496105"},{"key":"2024102021054147000_40.6.1450.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-5274(99)80015-0"},{"key":"2024102021054147000_40.6.1450.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00120908"},{"key":"2024102021054147000_40.6.1450.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00115110"},{"key":"2024102021054147000_40.6.1450.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir410"},{"key":"2024102021054147000_40.6.1450.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2011.04.003"},{"key":"2024102021054147000_40.6.1450.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.155.3.1151","article-title":"Immunologic self-tolerance maintained by activated T cells expressing IL-2 receptor \u03b1-chains (CD25). 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