{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T05:12:05Z","timestamp":1740460325056,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Respir J"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2001,7,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) might be driven by mechanisms inherent to the airway wall, and\/or by factors arising from outside the airways. A porcine model of allergen-induced AHR was utilized to investigate physiological responses in intact airways<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>and their contribution to responsiveness<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Responsiveness to acetylcholine (ACh) was measured in eight ovalbumin (OA)-sensitized\/challenged pigs (tests) and eight saline-challenged controls.<jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>responsiveness to ACh was determined from pulmonary resistance (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>L<\/jats:sub>).<jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>responsiveness to ACh was determined from airway pressure in isovolumic bronchial segments, after exposure<jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic>the adventitial or the luminal surface.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Test pigs had lung (255\u00b126% increase in<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>L<\/jats:sub>, p&lt;0.0001) and skin responses to OA, and AHR to ACh (p&lt;0.0001).<jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>, test bronchi were less sensitive than controls to ACh applied to the airway adventitia (negative log of the ACh concentration producing half the maximum response (pD<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>)=4.18 and 4.58 respectively, p&lt;0.01), but not the lumen. Test bronchi had an increased amount of smooth muscle normalized for airway size<jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic>controls (p&lt;0.05). Maximum responses to lumenal ACh<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>showed a weak positive correlation with maximum changes to ACh<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>(r=0.599, p=0.05).<\/jats:p><jats:p>This study concludes that the effect of antigen challenge on bronchial responsiveness varies with the route of exposure to acetylcholine.<jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>responses to lumenal acetylcholine are increased despite a possible reduction in responsiveness of airway smooth muscle. Responsiveness of the bronchial wall only partially explains responsiveness of the lungs<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.01.00227901","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T12:36:48Z","timestamp":1027773408000},"page":"935-941","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Physiological responses of the airway wall and lung in hyperresponsive pigs"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"D.J.","family":"Turner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.R.","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.A.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.W.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024101809005049000_18.6.935.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1979.46.4.681","volume":"46","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"2024101809005049000_18.6.935.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/144.4.931"},{"key":"2024101809005049000_18.6.935.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1989.67.3.1133","volume":"67","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"2024101809005049000_18.6.935.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1159\/000233622","volume":"75","year":"1984","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol"},{"key":"2024101809005049000_18.6.935.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1986.tb02956.x"},{"key":"2024101809005049000_18.6.935.6","first-page":"516s","volume":"2","year":"1989","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2024101809005049000_18.6.935.7","first-page":"932","volume":"186","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"2024101809005049000_18.6.935.8","unstructured":"Black JL. 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