{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T02:01:55Z","timestamp":1793412115255,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Respir J"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2000,9,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells from patients with chronic beryllium disease (CBD) have been used to evaluate the beryllium-specific immune response and potential immunotherapeutics. Beryllium induces interferon\u2010\u03b3 (IFN\u2010\u03b3), interleukin\u20102 (IL\u20102), tumour necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 (TNF\u2010\u03b1), interleukin\u20106 (IL\u20106) and interleukin\u201010 (IL\u201010) from BAL cells. An antibody to IL\u20102 and recombinant human (rHu) IL\u201010 is able to partially suppress the beryllium-stimulated immune response. To obtain BAL cells, bronchoscopy is required, providing risk to the patient and a limited number of cells to study the immune response. As a result, the objectives of the study were to determine 1) whether CBD peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNs) stimulated with beryllium would produce a similar cytokine pattern as BAL cells, and 2) whether this response could be modulated by interleukin\u20104 (IL\u20104), an immunomodulatory cytokine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>CBD and normal individuals' PBMN and BAL cells were stimulated with and without beryllium sulfate. To modulate this antigen-stimulated response, we added rHu IL\u20104 to the unstimulated and beryllium-stimulated cells. IFN\u2010\u03b3, IL\u20102, TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20106 and IL\u201010 cytokine concentrations were determined from cell supernatants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), while IL\u20104 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) was assessed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Beryllium did not stimulate any of these cytokines from normal PBMNs. Increasing levels of IL\u20106 and TNF\u2010\u03b1 were produced constituitively by CBD PBMNs over time. Compared to the unstimulated CBD PBMNs, beryllium stimulated significant IFN\u2010\u03b3, TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20102, IL\u20106 and IL\u201010 production. This response was similar to that stimulated from CBD BAL cells, although of a much lower magnitude. Low levels of IL\u20104 mRNA were found in CBD and control PBMNs, which were not increased with beryllium stimulation. The beryllium-stimulated cytokine levels were not decreased by the addition of IL\u20104. IL\u20104 was unable to downregulate any of these beryllium-stimulated cytokines from CBD BAL cells or increase IL\u20104 mRNA from either CBD PBMN or BAL cells, and thus is an unlikely immunomodulatory agent in CBD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>From the data, it was concluded that chronic beryllium disease peripheral blood mononuclear cells provide a model to study the beryllium-stimulated immune response. Interleukin\u20104's inability to downregulate any of the beryllium-stimulated cytokines makes it an unlikely therapeutic candidate in chronic beryllium disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.01.17304030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T08:36:48Z","timestamp":1027759008000},"page":"403-415","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["IL\u20104 fails to regulate\n                    <i>in vitro<\/i>\n                    beryllium-induced cytokines in berylliosis"],"prefix":"10.1183","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"L.A.","family":"Maier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.T.","family":"Sawyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.S.","family":"Tinkle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.A.","family":"Kittle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.A.","family":"Barker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Balkissoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Rose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.S.","family":"Newman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"81","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024101808380406000_17.3.403.1","unstructured":"Maier LA, Newman LS. 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