{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T06:53:21Z","timestamp":1780556001115,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"European Respiratory Society (ERS)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Respir J"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2001,11,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The protective effect of ambroxol, a mucolytic agent which has antioxidant properties and stimulates the release of pulmonary surfactant, against influenza-virus proliferation in the airway was investigated in mice.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Ambroxol or the vehicle was administered intraperitoneally twice a day for 5\u20137\u2005days to mice shortly after intranasal infection with a lethal dose of influenza A\/Aichi\/68 (H3N2) virus, and the survival rate, virus titre and levels of factors regulating virus proliferation in the airway fluid were analysed.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Ambroxol significantly suppressed virus multiplication and improved the survival rate of mice. The effect of ambroxol reached a peak at 10\u2005mg\u00b7kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u00b7day<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, higher doses being less effective. Ambroxol stimulated the release of suppressors of influenza-virus multiplication, such as pulmonary surfactant, mucus protease inhibitor, immunoglobulin (Ig)-A and IgG, although it stimulated the release of a trypsin-type protease that potentiates virus proliferation. In addition, ambroxol transiently suppressed release of the cytokines, tumour necrosis factor-\u03b1, interferon-\u03b3 and interleukin-12, into airway fluid.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Although ambroxol had several negative effects on the host defence system, overall it strikingly increased the concentrations of suppressors of influenza-virus multiplication in the airway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.02.00253302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,11]],"date-time":"2002-10-11T18:37:23Z","timestamp":1034361443000},"page":"952-958","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Ambroxol suppresses influenza-virus proliferation in the mouse airway by increasing antiviral factor 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